Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'bylaw'

English Word: bylaw

Key Russian Translations:

• устав [ˈustəf] - [Formal; Used in legal or organizational contexts]
• правила [ˈpravʲɪlə] - [Informal; Plural; Often for general rules or regulations]
• локальный закон [lɐˈkalʲnɨj ˈzakən] - [Formal; Compound phrase; Used in administrative or municipal settings]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal and everyday administrative language, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of Russian noun declensions and formal language structures. For 'устав', it's B1; for 'правила', it's A2 due to its regularity.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

устав: [ˈustəf]

правила: [ˈpravʲɪlə]

локальный закон: [lɐˈkalʲnɨj ˈzakən]

Note on устав: The stress is on the first syllable; be cautious with the 'у' sound, which can vary slightly in rapid speech. For правила, the plural form affects pronunciation, with a softer 'л' in some dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

A local rule or regulation enacted by a municipality or organization

Translation(s) & Context:

• устав - Used in formal contexts like corporate bylaws or association rules, emphasizing a foundational document.
• правила - Applied in everyday settings for general guidelines, such as community bylaws.
• локальный закон - Employed in legal or governmental contexts for enforceable local laws.

Usage Examples:

• Согласно уставу ассоциации, все члены должны соблюдать правила поведения.

  According to the association's bylaw, all members must follow the behavior rules.

• Муниципальные правила, или bylaws, регулируют строительство в этом районе.

  Municipal bylaws regulate construction in this area.

• В локальном законе указано, что нарушения устава влекут за собой штрафы.

  The local bylaw states that violations of the charter result in fines.

• Эти правила, принятые как bylaws, помогают поддерживать порядок в сообществе.

  These rules, adopted as bylaws, help maintain order in the community.

• Устав компании требует ежегодного пересмотра локальных законов.

  The company's bylaw requires an annual review of local laws.

A secondary or subsidiary law, often in contrast to national laws

Translation(s) & Context:

• локальный закон - Specifically for laws subordinate to higher authorities, in legal discussions.
• правила - In informal contexts, like school or workplace bylaws.

Usage Examples:

• Бylaws в этой стране часто противоречат федеральным законам, но локальный закон имеет приоритет в отдельных случаях.

  Bylaws in this country often conflict with federal laws, but local law takes precedence in certain cases.

• Правила сообщества, или bylaws, устанавливают ограничения на шум после 22:00.

  Community bylaws set restrictions on noise after 10 PM.

• Устав организации требует, чтобы все bylaws были утверждены голосованием.

  The organization's bylaw requires that all bylaws be approved by vote.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Устав' is a masculine noun in Russian, which follows standard first-declension patterns with some irregularities in certain cases. 'Правила' is a neuter plural noun that remains relatively unchanged. 'Локальный закон' is a phrase where 'локальный' (adjective) and 'закон' (masculine noun) inflect separately.

Note: 'Правила' as a plural form does not change much and is invariable in most contexts, making it easier for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • регламент [rʲɪˈɡlamʲənt] - More formal, often for detailed procedures.
  • нормы [ˈnormɨ] - General standards or norms.
• Antonyms:
  • хаос [ˈxaəs] - Implies disorder or lack of rules.
  • нарушение [nəˈraʃʲenʲije] - Violation, contrasting with enforcement of bylaws.

Related Phrases:

• Устав организации - The organization's charter; Refers to foundational bylaws in a corporate context.
• Локальные правила поведения - Local behavior rules; Common in community settings for everyday bylaws.
• Нарушение устава - Violation of the bylaw; Used in legal discussions to indicate breaches.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'устав' is the most precise translation for 'bylaw' in formal contexts like corporate or municipal law, while 'правила' is better for informal or general rules. English speakers should note that Russian nouns decline based on case, so 'устав' changes form in sentences (e.g., genitive 'устава' for possession). Choose 'локальный закон' when emphasizing legal enforceability. Be mindful of context: formal documents prefer 'устав', while casual conversations might use 'правила'. If multiple translations apply, select based on specificity and audience.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'устав' interchangeably with 'закон' without considering context. For example, saying "Я нарушил устав" when meaning a minor rule, which might confuse it with a major law.

  Correct: Use 'правила' for minor bylaws, e.g., "Я нарушил правила" (I violated the rules). Explanation: 'Устав' implies a foundational document, so it's not suitable for everyday infractions.

• Error: Forgetting to decline nouns, e.g., saying "По устав" instead of "По уставу" in dative case.

  Correct: Always adjust for case, e.g., "Согласно уставу" (According to the bylaw). Explanation: Russian grammar requires agreement, which English learners often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, bylaws like 'устав' often reflect the hierarchical and bureaucratic nature of organizations, stemming from historical influences such as Soviet-era regulations. For instance, community bylaws might enforce collective norms, emphasizing group harmony over individual rights, which contrasts with more individualistic Western approaches.

Related Concepts:

• конституция [kənstʲɪˈtutsʲɪjə]
• регламентирование [rʲɪɡlamʲɪntʲɪˈrəvanʲije]
• нормативные акты [nɐrmatʲɪvnɨjə ˈak tɨ]