Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'brimful'

English Word: brimful

Key Russian Translations:

• полный /ˈpolnɨj/ - [Formal, used for describing something completely filled, especially containers]
• набитый /nɐˈbʲitɨj/ - [Informal, Plural contexts, often for stuffed or packed items]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday descriptions but not as frequent as basic adjectives like "big" or "small")

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of adjective declensions, but the basic meaning is straightforward for learners at this level. For "набитый", it may be B2 due to its more specific connotations.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

полный: /ˈpolnɨj/

набитый: /nɐˈbʲitɨj/

Note on полный: The stress is on the first syllable, and the final "ый" sound can vary slightly in rapid speech to /ɨj/, which is a common challenge for English speakers due to the soft consonants.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Completely full, often implying it's filled to the point of nearly overflowing, especially for containers or spaces.

Translation(s) & Context:

• полный - Used in formal or descriptive contexts, such as describing a glass or room that is entirely filled.
• набитый - Applied in informal settings, like a bag or crowd that is packed tightly.

Usage Examples:

• Чашка была полна до краев, и кофе вот-вот мог вылиться.

  The cup was brimful, and the coffee was about to spill over.

• Рюкзак оказался набитым вещами, так что я еле смог его закрыть.

  The backpack was brimful of items, so I could barely close it.

• Комната была полной гостей на празднике, и всем было тесно.

  The room was brimful of guests at the party, and everyone was crowded.

• Его сердце было полным радости после долгой разлуки.

  His heart was brimful of joy after the long separation. (Metaphorical use in emotional contexts)

• Корзина оказалась набитой фруктами с рынка, что сделало её тяжелой.

  The basket was brimful of market fruits, making it heavy. (Emphasizing abundance)

Meaning 2: Figuratively full of something abstract, like emotions or ideas.

Translation(s) & Context:

• полный - In literary or poetic contexts, to describe emotional states.

Usage Examples:

• Его речь была полной вдохновения и мотивировала всех слушателей.

  His speech was brimful of inspiration and motivated all listeners.

• Книга оказалась полной тайн, которые раскрываются постепенно.

  The book was brimful of mysteries that unfold gradually.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "полный" and "набитый" are adjectives in Russian, which means they inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a standard declension pattern, but "полный" is regular, while "набитый" can have slight variations in certain forms.

Note: These adjectives do not change for verbs but must agree with the nouns they modify. "Полный" is invariant in most standard uses, while "набитый" follows the same pattern without irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • наполненный (napolnennyy) - Similar to "full," but emphasizes the act of filling; often used in more neutral contexts.
  • заполненный (zapolnennyy) - Implies complete occupancy, with a slight formal tone.
• Antonyms:
  • пустой (pustoy) - Empty, directly opposite in meaning.
  • полупустой (polupustoy) - Half-empty, for partial states.

Related Phrases:

• Полный дом (polnyy dom) - A full house; meaning a home filled with people or activity.
• Набитый рюкзак (nabityy ryukzak) - A stuffed backpack; refers to one packed to capacity, often in travel contexts.
• Полная чашка (polnaya chashka) - Brimful cup; a common phrase for something overflowing.

Usage Notes:

"Полный" directly corresponds to "brimful" in literal contexts like containers, but it's more versatile in Russian and can describe emotional or abstract fullness. Use "набитый" for informal or physical packing scenarios. Be mindful of grammatical agreement: always decline the adjective to match the noun's gender, number, and case. In formal writing, prefer "полный" over "набитый" for precision. When choosing between translations, opt for "полный" if the emphasis is on completeness, and "набитый" if it's about being crammed.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "полный" without proper declension, e.g., saying "полный женщина" instead of "полная женщина" (for feminine nouns).
  Correct: Ensure agreement, as in "полная женщина" (a brimful woman, metaphorically).
  Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree with nouns, which English learners often overlook, leading to grammatical errors.
• Mistake: Confusing "полный" with "пустой" in negative contexts, e.g., translating "brimful" as "пустой" by mistake.
  Correct: Use "полный" for full states.
  Explanation: This semantic mix-up can occur due to false cognates or haste, but always double-check the opposite meaning.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, phrases like "полный дом" often evoke warmth and hospitality, reflecting the traditional value of family gatherings and abundance. This ties into historical contexts where resources were scarce, making "brimful" states symbolically positive in literature and folklore.

Related Concepts:

• избыток (izbytok) - Excess
• наполнение (napolneniye) - Filling
• переполнение (perekhpleniye) - Overflow