Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Bias'

English Word: bias

Key Russian Translations:

• предвзятость [prʲɪdvʲˈzʲatəsʲtʲ] - [Formal, Neutral]
• склонность [sklɐˈnʲosʲtʲ] - [Neutral, Often used for inclination or tendency]
• предубеждение [prʲɪdʊbʲɪʒˈdʲenʲɪjə] - [Formal, Negative connotation]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in discussions of opinions and judgments)

Difficulty: B1-B2 (Intermediate; varies slightly by term and context)

Pronunciation (Russian):

предвзятость: [prʲɪdvʲˈzʲatəsʲtʲ]

Note on предвзятость: Stress falls on the second syllable. The "взя" cluster can be tricky for non-native speakers.

склонность: [sklɐˈnʲosʲtʲ]

Note on склонность: Stress on the second syllable. The soft "н" sound requires practice.

предубеждение: [prʲɪdʊbʲɪʒˈdʲenʲɪjə]

Note on предубеждение: Stress on the fourth syllable. Pay attention to the soft "ж" sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Prejudice or Unfair Inclination (Negative)

Translation(s) & Context:

• предвзятость - Often used in formal or neutral contexts to describe biased opinions or judgments.
• предубеждение - Stronger negative connotation, used for deep-rooted prejudices.

Usage Examples:

• Его предвзятость к новым идеям очевидна.

  His bias against new ideas is obvious.

• Судья не должен проявлять предвзятость.

  A judge must not show bias.

• У неё предубеждение против иностранцев.

  She has a prejudice against foreigners.

2. Tendency or Preference (Neutral/Positive)

Translation(s) & Context:

• склонность - Used for a natural inclination or tendency, often less negative than the other terms.

Usage Examples:

• У меня есть склонность к аналитическому мышлению.

  I have a bias toward analytical thinking.

• Её склонность к драматизму иногда раздражает.

  Her bias for dramatization is sometimes annoying.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

предвзятость (feminine noun): Follows the standard declension for feminine nouns ending in -ость.

Case	Singular
Nominative	предвзятость
Genitive	предвзятости
Dative	предвзятости
Accusative	предвзятость
Instrumental	предвзятостью
Prepositional	предвзятости

склонность (feminine noun): Similar declension pattern as предвзятость.

предубеждение (neuter noun): Follows the standard declension for neuter nouns ending in -ие.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for предвзятость/предубеждение:

• пристрастие
• необъективность

Note: "пристрастие" can imply a stronger emotional attachment or addiction in some contexts.

Antonyms for предвзятость/предубеждение:

• объективность
• беспристрастность

Related Phrases:

• проявлять предвзятость - To show bias (often in formal or critical contexts).
• иметь склонность к чему-либо - To have a bias/tendency toward something (neutral or positive).
• бороться с предубеждениями - To fight against prejudices (common in social discussions).

Usage Notes:

• "предвзятость" is the most neutral and widely applicable term for "bias" in formal and written contexts.
• "предубеждение" carries a stronger negative connotation and is often used for personal or cultural prejudices.
• "склонность" should be used when "bias" refers to a natural tendency or preference rather than unfair judgment.
• Pay attention to the context: using "предубеждение" in a neutral setting may sound overly critical.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "склонность" to describe a negative bias. Incorrect: У него склонность против этой группы. Correct: У него предубеждение против этой группы. Explanation: "склонность" implies a neutral or positive tendency, not a negative prejudice.
• Error: Misusing cases after prepositions with these nouns. Incorrect: С предвзятость на суде. Correct: С предвзятостью на суде. Explanation: The instrumental case is required after "с" in this context.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, discussions of "предубеждение" (prejudice) often arise in contexts of historical or social issues, such as attitudes toward different ethnic groups or ideologies. The term carries significant weight and should be used carefully in sensitive conversations.

Related Concepts:

• дискриминация
• стереотип
• справедливость