Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'broken'

English Word: broken

Key Russian Translations:

• сломанный [ˈsɫomənɨj] - [Formal/Informal, Used for physical objects]
• разбитый [rɐzˈbʲitɨj] - [Formal/Informal, Often used for glass or emotionally 'broken']
• неисправный [nʲɪɪsˈpravnɨj] - [Formal, Used for malfunctioning devices]

Frequency: High (commonly used in various contexts)

Difficulty: A2-B1 (Beginner to Intermediate, varies slightly by translation)

Pronunciation (Russian):

сломанный: [ˈsɫomənɨj]

Note on сломанный: Stress on the first syllable; the 'ы' sound is a distinct Russian vowel, not found in English.

разбитый: [rɐzˈbʲitɨj]

Note on разбитый: Stress on the second syllable; 'б' is palatalized before 'и'.

неисправный: [nʲɪɪsˈpravnɨj]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Physically Damaged or Not Intact

Translation(s) & Context:

• сломанный - Used for objects that are physically broken, like furniture or tools.
• разбитый - Often used for fragile items like glass or plates.

Usage Examples:

• Стол сломанный, его нужно починить.

  The table is broken; it needs to be fixed.

• У меня сломанный карандаш.

  I have a broken pencil.

• Ваза разбитая, осколки повсюду.

  The vase is broken; shards are everywhere.

2. Malfunctioning or Not Working

Translation(s) & Context:

• неисправный - Used for devices or machinery that do not function properly.

Usage Examples:

• Этот телефон неисправный, он не включается.

  This phone is broken; it doesn’t turn on.

• Неисправный двигатель нужно заменить.

  The broken engine needs to be replaced.

3. Emotionally Hurt or Shattered

Translation(s) & Context:

• разбитый - Used metaphorically for emotional states, like a broken heart.

Usage Examples:

• После расставания она чувствует себя разбитой.

  After the breakup, she feels broken.

• Его разбитое сердце долго не заживёт.

  His broken heart won’t heal for a long time.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

сломанный (Adjective): Changes according to gender, number, and case as per Russian adjective declension rules.

Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	сломанный	сломанная	сломанное	сломанные
Genitive	сломанного	сломанной	сломанного	сломанных

разбитый (Adjective): Follows similar declension patterns as сломанный.

неисправный (Adjective): Also declines by gender, number, and case, following standard adjective rules.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for сломанный/разбитый (physical sense):

• повреждённый (damaged)
• испорченный (spoiled)

Note: повреждённый often implies less severe damage than сломанный.

Antonyms for сломанный/разбитый:

• целый (whole)
• исправный (functional, working)

Related Phrases:

• разбитое сердце - Broken heart (used for emotional pain)
• сломанный механизм - Broken mechanism (used for malfunctioning parts)
• неисправный прибор - Broken device (used for non-working appliances)

Usage Notes:

• While all three translations can mean "broken," their usage depends on context. Use "сломанный" for general physical damage, "разбитый" for fragile items or emotional contexts, and "неисправный" for malfunctioning equipment.
• These adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify, a key aspect of Russian grammar.
• In formal writing, "неисправный" is preferred for technical contexts over "сломанный."

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "разбитый" for devices like phones or cars. Wrong: Телефон разбитый (implies physically shattered). Correct: Телефон неисправный (malfunctioning phone).
• Error: Forgetting adjective agreement. Wrong: Стол сломанное. Correct: Стол сломанный (masculine form).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the term "разбитое сердце" (broken heart) is a common metaphor in literature and songs, often carrying a dramatic or poetic tone compared to English usage.

Related Concepts:

• повреждение (damage)
• ремонт (repair)
• поломка (breakdown)