Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'bent'

English Word: bent

Key Russian Translations:

• изогнутый /ɪzɐˈɡnutɨj/ - [Formal, Adjective]
• согнутый /sɐˈɡnutɨj/ - [Informal, Used for physical bending]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations are commonly encountered in everyday descriptions of shapes or objects, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of adjective inflections, but not overly complex for learners with basic grammar knowledge.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

изогнутый: /ɪzɐˈɡnutɨj/

согнутый: /sɐˈɡnutɨj/

Note on изогнутый: The stress is on the third syllable; be careful with the 'г' sound, which is a voiced velar fricative. For согнутый, the initial 'с' is pronounced softly.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Curved or bent shape (Referring to something that is not straight)

Translation(s) & Context:

• изогнутый - Used in formal contexts for describing roads, lines, or objects with a curve, often in technical or descriptive writing.
• согнутый - Applied in informal or everyday situations, such as bent metal or limbs, emphasizing physical deformation.

Usage Examples:

• Русский пример: "Эта дорога изогнутая и опасная в дождь."

  English translation: "This road is bent and dangerous in the rain."

• Русский пример: "Металлический прут был согнут под давлением."

  English translation: "The metal rod was bent under pressure."

• Русский пример: "Ветер изогнул ветви деревьев."

  English translation: "The wind bent the branches of the trees."

• Русский пример: "Его поза была слегка согнутая от усталости."

  English translation: "His posture was slightly bent from fatigue."

• Русский пример: "Изогнутый дизайн моста делает его уникальным."

  English translation: "The bent design of the bridge makes it unique."

Meaning 2: Figurative or slang sense (e.g., corrupted or dishonest, though less common for 'bent')

Translation(s) & Context:

• согнутый - In informal slang, could imply something twisted or corrupted, but this is rare; prefer искривленный for figurative use.

Usage Examples:

• Русский пример: "Его аргументы были согнуты, чтобы ввести в заблуждение."

  English translation: "His arguments were bent to mislead."

• Русский пример: "Изогнутый путь карьеры привел к успеху."

  English translation: "The bent path of his career led to success."

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "изогнутый" and "согнутый" are adjectives, which inflect based on gender, number, and case in Russian. Russian adjectives follow a standard pattern for first-declension adjectives. Below is a table for "изогнутый" as an example; "согнутый" follows the same rules.

For "согнутый", replace the root as needed. These are regular adjectives, so no irregularities, but always agree with the noun they modify.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • искривленный (slightly twisted, often used interchangeably with изогнутый)
  • гнутый (more informal, emphasizing flexibility)
• Antonyms:
  • прямой (straight, direct; fine for contrasting shapes)
  • ровный (even, smooth; used in contexts of surfaces)

Related Phrases:

• Изогнутая линия - A curved line; used in geometry or design contexts.
• Согнуть в дугу - To bend into an arc; implies extreme bending, often figuratively for persuasion.
• Изогнутая дорога - A winding road; common in travel descriptions.

Usage Notes:

"Bent" in English can be literal (physical curve) or figurative (corrupted), but in Russian, translations like "изогнутый" are primarily literal. Choose "изогнутый" for formal or descriptive contexts and "согнутый" for everyday physical descriptions. Be mindful of adjective agreement with nouns in gender, number, and case. For English learners, note that Russian lacks articles, so focus on context for precise usage. If "bent" implies dishonesty, consider alternatives like "коррумпированный" for accuracy.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "изогнутый" without proper inflection, e.g., saying "изогнутый дом" when it should be "изогнутая дорога" for a feminine noun. Correct: Always match the adjective to the noun's gender and case. Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree, unlike English, which can lead to grammatical errors.

• Error: Confusing with verbs, e.g., using "изогнуть" (to bend) instead of the adjective. Correct: For descriptions, use the adjective form; for actions, use the verb. Explanation: Learners often mix parts of speech, so clarify based on context.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "изогнутый" might evoke imagery from folklore or literature, such as twisted paths in fairy tales symbolizing life's complexities. However, they don't carry strong cultural connotations beyond general language use.

Related Concepts:

• прямой
• изгиб
• деформация