Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'baste'

English Word: baste

Key Russian Translations:

• поливать [pɐˈlʲivətʲ] - [Informal, used in cooking contexts]
• сбрызгивать [sbɾɨˈzɡʲivətʲ] - [Formal, specific to basting with liquids]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in culinary discussions but not in everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and cooking terminology)

Pronunciation (Russian):

поливать: [pɐˈlʲivətʲ]

сбрызгивать: [sbɾɨˈzɡʲivətʲ]

Note on поливать: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the soft 'л' sound, which is common in Russian verbs.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To moisten food during cooking (primary meaning)

Translation(s) & Context:

• поливать - Used in informal cooking instructions, such as basting meat with juices.
• сбрызгивать - Applied in more formal or precise contexts, like professional recipes.

Usage Examples:

• Во время жарения курицу нужно поливать соком, чтобы она оставалась сочной.

  During roasting, you need to baste the chicken with its juices to keep it moist.

• Шеф-повар сбрызгивал утку маслом каждые 10 минут для равномерного приготовления.

  The chef was basting the duck with oil every 10 minutes for even cooking.

• Не забудьте поливать мясо в духовке, иначе оно пересохнет.

  Don't forget to baste the meat in the oven, or it will dry out.

• В рецепте рекомендуется сбрызгивать рыбу лимонным соком для лучшего вкуса.

  The recipe recommends basting the fish with lemon juice for better flavor.

• Поливать индейку в процессе запекания – традиционный метод в русской кухне.

  Basting the turkey while baking is a traditional method in Russian cuisine.

Secondary meaning: To temporarily sew (in sewing contexts, though less common)

Translation(s) & Context:

• поливать - Rarely used; more metaphorical in crafting, but not standard.
• сметывать (alternative) - [Formal, specific to temporary stitching]

Usage Examples:

• Перед окончательной строчкой ткани нужно сметывать, чтобы проверить форму.

  Before final stitching, you need to baste the fabric to check the shape.

• Швея использует нитки, чтобы поливать края платья временно.

  The seamstress uses threads to baste the edges of the dress temporarily.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs, which follow standard Russian conjugation patterns. "Поливать" and "сбрызгивать" are imperfective verbs and conjugate irregularly in some aspects due to Russian's aspectual system.

Note: These verbs do not change in gender or number in the infinitive form but conjugate fully in other tenses.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • обливать (oblivat') - Similar to pouring over, with a slight emphasis on abundance.
  • смазывать (sмазывать) - For oil-based basting, often used interchangeably in recipes.
• Antonyms:
  • оставлять (ostavljat') - To leave as is, without adding moisture.
  • сушить (sushit') - To dry out, opposite in cooking contexts.

Related Phrases:

• Поливать маслом – Basting with oil; commonly used in grilling techniques.
• Сбрызгивать соком – Spraying with juice; refers to enhancing flavors in baking.
• Постоянно поливать блюдо – Constantly basting the dish; emphasizes maintenance in cooking.

Usage Notes:

"Baste" in English directly corresponds to "поливать" or "сбрызгивать" in Russian culinary contexts, but choose based on formality: use "сбрызгивать" for precise, professional settings and "поливать" for everyday recipes. Be aware of aspect in Russian verbs; "поливать" is imperfective, implying ongoing action, which aligns well with the repetitive nature of basting. In non-cooking uses, like sewing, "smetывать" might be more accurate to avoid confusion.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "поливать" incorrectly in the perfective form (e.g., saying "полил" when meaning a completed action, but forgetting the aspect). Correct: Use "полить" for perfective if needed, but for basting, imperfective is preferred. Example: Wrong - "Я полил курицу один раз" (implies a single action); Right - "Я поливал курицу во время приготовления" (ongoing action).
• Mistake: Confusing with "лить" (lit'), which means to pour freely and can lead to over-basting. Explanation: "Лить" is less controlled, so stick to "поливать" for measured application.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian cuisine, basting is a key technique in traditional dishes like roasted meats or shashlik (kebabs), reflecting the cultural emphasis on moist, flavorful preparations. It ties into the historical reliance on hearty, slow-cooked meals in cold climates, symbolizing hospitality and care in food preparation.

Related Concepts:

• жарение (zharénie) - Frying or roasting
• маринование (marinovanie) - Marinating
• приправы (pribavy) - Seasonings