Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Apply'

English Word: apply

Key Russian Translations:

• применять [prʲɪmʲɪˈnʲætʲ] - [Formal, Often used for concepts or rules]
• подать [pɐˈdatʲ] - [Formal/Informal, Used for applications or submissions]
• обращаться [ɐbrɐˈʂatʲsə] - [Formal, Often used for requesting or addressing]

Frequency: High (commonly used in various contexts)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "применять" and "подать"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "обращаться"

Pronunciation (Russian):

применять: [prʲɪmʲɪˈnʲætʲ]

Note on применять: Stress falls on the second syllable; the "я" sound is a soft vowel, pronounced with a slight 'y' glide before it.

подать: [pɐˈdatʲ]

Note on подать: Stress on the second syllable; the final "ть" is a soft consonant marker.

обращаться: [ɐbrɐˈʂatʲsə]

Note on обращаться: Stress on the third syllable; reflexive verb ending with "-ся".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. To use or put into practice (e.g., apply a method)

Translation(s) & Context:

• применять - Used for applying rules, methods, or concepts in practical or theoretical contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Мы должны применять новые технологии в работе.

  We must apply new technologies in our work.

• Этот закон применяется только в особых случаях.

  This law is applied only in special cases.

• Как применять эти правила на практике?

  How to apply these rules in practice?

2. To submit or request (e.g., apply for a job)

Translation(s) & Context:

• подать - Used specifically for submitting applications or requests (e.g., for jobs, visas).
• обращаться - Used for addressing or appealing to someone with a request.

Usage Examples:

• Я решил подать заявление на эту должность.

  I decided to apply for this position.

• Она подала документы в университет.

  She applied to the university (submitted documents).

• Вы можете обратиться в офис за помощью.

  You can apply to the office for help.

• Куда мне обратиться с этой проблемой?

  Where should I apply with this issue?

Russian Forms/Inflections:

применять (verb, imperfective): Regular conjugation in the first conjugation group. Below is the present tense conjugation:

Person	Singular	Plural
1st	применяю [prʲɪmʲɪˈnʲaju]	применяем [prʲɪmʲɪˈnʲajɪm]
2nd	применяешь [prʲɪmʲɪˈnʲajɪʂ]	применяете [prʲɪmʲɪˈnʲajɪtʲɪ]
3rd	применяет [prʲɪmʲɪˈnʲajɪt]	применяют [prʲɪmʲɪˈnʲajut]

подать (verb, perfective): Irregular conjugation; often used in past tense or infinitive for one-time actions like submitting.

обращаться (verb, imperfective, reflexive): Reflexive verb with "-ся"; follows regular second conjugation patterns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for "применять":

• использовать (to use)
• прибегать (to resort to)

Note: "использовать" is more general, while "прибегать" implies resorting to something as a solution.

Synonyms for "подать":

• представить (to submit/present)

Antonyms: None directly applicable for all senses; context-dependent.

Related Phrases:

• применять на практике - "to apply in practice" (used for practical implementation)
• подать заявление - "to file an application" (common in formal contexts like jobs or legal matters)
• обращаться за помощью - "to apply for help" (used when seeking assistance)

Usage Notes:

• "Применять" is generally used for abstract or practical application of ideas, rules, or methods, and is more formal.
• "Подать" is specific to submitting documents or applications, often in formal or bureaucratic contexts.
• "Обращаться" implies addressing or appealing to someone, often with a request, and can be used in both formal and semi-formal settings.
• Be mindful of verb aspects: "применять" and "обращаться" are imperfective (ongoing/repeated actions), while "подать" is perfective (one-time action).

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "применять" when referring to submitting an application.
  Incorrect: Я применяю заявление на работу.
  Correct: Я подаю заявление на работу.
  Explanation: "Применять" is for applying concepts, not documents.
• Error: Forgetting the reflexive "-ся" in "обращаться".
  Incorrect: Я обращаю в офис.
  Correct: Я обращаюсь в офис.
  Explanation: "Обращаться" always requires the reflexive particle "-ся".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian bureaucratic contexts, the verb "подать" is heavily associated with formal processes like submitting applications or documents. It often implies a hierarchical or official interaction, reflecting the importance of paperwork in Russian administrative culture.

Related Concepts:

• заявление (application, statement)
• использование (usage, application)
• запрос (request, inquiry)