Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Appendix'

English Word: Appendix

Key Russian Translations:

• Приложение [prʲɪlɐˈʐenʲɪjə] - [Neutral, Formal/Informal]
• Аппендикс [ɐpʲɪnˈdʲiks] - [Medical Context, Formal]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in specific contexts like books or medical discussions)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "Приложение"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "Аппендикс" due to specialized usage

Pronunciation (Russian):

Приложение: [prʲɪlɐˈʐenʲɪjə]

Note on Приложение: Stress falls on the third syllable. The "ж" sound is a voiced retroflex fricative, which may be challenging for non-native speakers.

Аппендикс: [ɐpʲɪnˈdʲiks]

Note on Аппендикс: Stress on the second syllable. This is a loanword from Latin via English, so pronunciation is closer to the original.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Supplementary Material (e.g., in a book or document)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Приложение - Used for additional information or materials at the end of a book, report, or document.

Usage Examples:

• В приложении к книге вы найдете полезные таблицы.

  In the appendix of the book, you will find useful tables.

• Приложение содержит дополнительные данные по теме.

  The appendix contains additional data on the topic.

• См. приложение 1 для полного списка источников.

  See Appendix 1 for the full list of sources.

2. Anatomical Term (e.g., part of the body)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Аппендикс - Refers specifically to the appendix in a medical or anatomical context.

Usage Examples:

• У пациента воспалился аппендикс.

  The patient’s appendix became inflamed.

• Аппендикс был удален во время операции.

  The appendix was removed during surgery.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Приложение (Noun, Neuter):

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	приложение	приложения
Genitive	приложения	приложений
Dative	приложению	приложениям
Accusative	приложение	приложения
Instrumental	приложением	приложениями
Prepositional	приложении	приложениях

Аппендикс (Noun, Masculine):

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	аппендикс	аппендиксы
Genitive	аппендикса	аппендиксов
Dative	аппендиксу	аппендиксам
Accusative	аппендикс	аппендиксы
Instrumental	аппендиксом	аппендиксами
Prepositional	аппендиксе	аппендиксах

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for Приложение:

• Добавление
• Прибавление

Note: "Добавление" is often used for smaller or less formal additions, while "Приложение" implies a structured supplement.

Antonyms for Приложение:

• Основной текст (Main text)

Synonyms for Аппендикс:

• Слепая кишка (Colloquial, less formal in medical contexts)

Related Phrases:

• Приложение к договору - Appendix to a contract (legal context).
• Воспаление аппендикса - Inflammation of the appendix (medical context).
• См. приложение - See appendix (common in written instructions).

Usage Notes:

• "Приложение" is the default translation for "appendix" in the context of supplementary material and is widely used in academic, legal, and technical writing.
• "Аппендикс" is strictly limited to medical or anatomical discussions. Using it outside this context would sound unnatural.
• Be mindful of the grammatical gender: "Приложение" is neuter, while "Аппендикс" is masculine, affecting adjective and verb agreement.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "Аппендикс" to refer to a book appendix. Wrong: "Аппендикс книги". Correct: "Приложение книги". Explanation: "Аппендикс" is only for the anatomical term.
• Error: Incorrect case usage due to unfamiliarity with declensions. Wrong: "В приложение". Correct: "В приложении". Explanation: Prepositional case requires the "-и" ending for "Приложение".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian academic and professional writing, appendices ("Приложение") are often meticulously structured and numbered (e.g., Приложение 1, Приложение 2), reflecting a cultural emphasis on clarity and organization in documentation.

Related Concepts:

• Сноска (Footnote)
• Примечание (Note)
• Дополнение (Supplement)