Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'appeasement'

English Word: appeasement

Key Russian Translations:

• Умиротворение /umɪrɐtvɐˈrʲenʲɪje/ - [Formal, Used in political, historical, and diplomatic contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in historical and political discussions but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves abstract concepts and historical vocabulary; suitable for learners with a solid grasp of Russian grammar)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Умиротворение: /umɪrɐtvɐˈrʲenʲɪje/

Note on Умиротворение: The stress falls on the penultimate syllable (-'rʲenʲɪje), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the Russian-specific palatalized 'r' sound. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The policy of settling international disputes by making concessions to a potential aggressor, often to avoid conflict.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Умиротворение - Typically used in formal contexts like diplomacy, history, or politics to describe a strategy of appeasement that may lead to unintended escalation.

Usage Examples:

• Политика умиротворения в 1930-х годах позволила Гитлеру аннексировать Чехословакию без немедленного сопротивления.

  The policy of appeasement in the 1930s allowed Hitler to annex Czechoslovakia without immediate resistance.

• Умиротворение агрессора часто критикуется как слабость, но иногда используется для предотвращения полномасштабной войны.

  Appeasement of an aggressor is often criticized as weakness but is sometimes used to prevent a full-scale war.

• В современной дипломатии умиротворение может включать экономические уступки для поддержания мира в регионе.

  In modern diplomacy, appeasement can involve economic concessions to maintain peace in a region.

• Историки спорят о роли умиротворения в предвоенных переговорах, считая его фактором, провоцирующим дальнейшую агрессию.

  Historians debate the role of appeasement in pre-war negotiations, viewing it as a factor that provoked further aggression.

• Умиротворение не всегда эффективно, как показала Мюнхенская конференция, где уступки не остановили конфликт.

  Appeasement is not always effective, as demonstrated by the Munich Conference, where concessions did not halt the conflict.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Умиротворение" is a neuter noun of the third declension in Russian. It follows regular patterns for most cases but has no plural form in common usage as it often refers to an abstract concept. Below is a table of its declensions:

Note: The word is invariant in gender and does not change in informal contexts, but always use the appropriate case based on sentence structure.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: Успокоение (more general calming), Соглашательство (compromise in negotiations)
• Успокоение is often used interchangeably but implies a broader sense of pacification without political connotations.
• Antonyms: Конфронтация (confrontation), Агрессия (aggression)

Related Phrases:

• Политика умиротворения - Policy of appeasement; often refers to historical strategies in diplomacy.
• Уступки в умиротворении - Concessions in appeasement; used to describe specific actions taken for peace.
• История умиротворения - History of appeasement; common in academic discussions.

Usage Notes:

"Умиротворение" directly corresponds to "appeasement" in English, particularly in contexts involving international relations or history. It is almost exclusively formal and should be avoided in casual conversation. When choosing between translations, use "Умиротворение" for political scenarios, as it carries a neutral but critical tone. Be mindful of grammatical cases; for example, in prepositional phrases, it changes to "в умиротворении" to indicate "in appeasement." English learners should note that this word often implies potential negative outcomes, unlike more positive concessions.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "Умиротворение" in everyday contexts, e.g., saying "Я применил умиротворение в споре" (I applied appeasement in an argument), which sounds overly dramatic.
  Correct: In casual disputes, use simpler words like "успокоение" or rephrase entirely.
  Explanation: "Умиротворение" is reserved for formal, large-scale scenarios; misuse can make speech sound unnatural or pretentious.
• Mistake: Incorrect declension, e.g., saying "Я видел умиротворение" instead of "Я видел умиротворение" (which is correct in accusative, but errors in other cases are common).
  Correct: Ensure proper case agreement, like "О умиротворении" for genitive in discussions.
  Explanation: Russian nouns must agree with prepositions and verbs, so learners often forget to adjust for case, leading to grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and history, "Умиротворение" is strongly associated with the events leading up to World War II, particularly the Munich Agreement of 1938, where Western powers appeased Nazi Germany. This term often carries a negative connotation, symbolizing failed diplomacy and the dangers of unchecked aggression, reflecting Russia's own experiences with invasions and wars.

Related Concepts:

• Детант (détente)
• Дипломатия (diplomacy)
• Агрессия (aggression)