Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Aperture'

English Word: Aperture

Key Russian Translations:

• апертура [ɐpʲɪrˈturə] - [Formal, Technical]
• отверстие [ɐtˈvʲerstʲɪjə] - [Neutral, General]
• диафрагма [dʲɪɐˈfraɡmə] - [Formal, Photography/Optics]

Frequency: Medium (varies by context; "отверстие" is more common in everyday speech, while "апертура" and "диафрагма" are specialized)

Difficulty: апертура - B2 (Intermediate, due to technical usage); отверстие - A2 (Beginner); диафрагма - B1 (Intermediate)

Pronunciation (Russian):

апертура: [ɐpʲɪrˈturə]

Note on апертура: Stress falls on the third syllable. The "р" is rolled slightly, common in Russian pronunciation.

отверстие: [ɐtˈvʲerstʲɪjə]

Note on отверстие: Stress on the second syllable. The soft "т" and "с" sounds may be challenging for non-native speakers.

диафрагма: [dʲɪɐˈfraɡmə]

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. An opening, hole, or gap (General sense)

Translation(s) & Context:

• отверстие - Used for any general opening or hole, such as in a wall, fabric, or object.

Usage Examples:

• В стене было маленькое отверстие.

  There was a small hole in the wall.

• Отверстие в ткани можно зашить.

  The hole in the fabric can be sewn up.

• Через это отверстие проходит свет.

  Light passes through this opening.

2. Aperture in photography or optics (Technical sense)

Translation(s) & Context:

• апертура - Refers to the aperture of a lens or optical system in a technical context.
• диафрагма - Specifically used for the adjustable opening in a camera lens controlling light.

Usage Examples:

• Апертура телескопа определяет его светосилу.

  The aperture of the telescope determines its light-gathering power.

• Увеличьте диафрагму, чтобы получить больше света.

  Increase the aperture to let in more light.

• Диафрагма объектива была полностью открыта.

  The aperture of the lens was fully open.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

апертура (Feminine Noun):

отверстие (Neuter Noun): Follows regular neuter noun declension patterns for second declension.

диафрагма (Feminine Noun): Follows regular feminine noun declension patterns.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for отверстие:

• дыра
• проём
• щель

Note: "дыра" is more informal and often implies a ragged or unintended hole, while "проём" is used for larger openings like doorways.

Antonyms for отверстие:

• закрытие
• пробка

Related Phrases:

• закрыть отверстие - To close an opening or hole.
• диафрагма объектива - Lens aperture (photography context).
• увеличить апертуру - To increase the aperture (technical context).

Usage Notes:

• "отверстие" is the most versatile and commonly used translation for "aperture" in the sense of a general opening or hole. Use it in everyday contexts.
• "апертура" is a direct borrowing from Latin/English and is used almost exclusively in scientific or technical contexts, such as astronomy or optics.
• "диафрагма" specifically refers to the adjustable aperture in cameras or optical devices. It should not be used for general holes or openings.
• Be mindful of the context when choosing the appropriate Russian word, as using "апертура" in a non-technical setting may sound unnatural or overly formal.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "диафрагма" to refer to a hole in a wall or fabric.
  Incorrect: В стене есть диафрагма.
  Correct: В стене есть отверстие.
  Explanation: "диафрагма" is specific to optical or mechanical contexts and should not be used for general openings.
• Error: Mispronouncing "отверстие" by stressing the wrong syllable.
  Incorrect: Stress on first syllable [ˈɐtvʲerstʲɪjə].
  Correct: Stress on second syllable [ɐtˈvʲerstʲɪjə].
  Explanation: Incorrect stress can make the word sound unnatural or incomprehensible to native speakers.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian, technical terms like "апертура" and "диафрагма" are often associated with specialized fields such as photography or science. Using these terms outside their specific domains might make the speaker sound overly academic or out of touch with everyday language. Photography is a popular hobby in Russia, so "диафрагма" is a well-known term among enthusiasts.

Related Concepts:

• объектив (lens)
• экспозиция (exposure)
• светосила (light-gathering power)