Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'anticipatory'

English Word: anticipatory

Key Russian Translations:

• предвосхищающий [prʲɪdvɐˈʂːaɪ̯ʂːɪj] - [Formal, Adjective]
• ожидаемый [ɐʐɨˈdaɛmɨj] - [Informal, Common in everyday contexts]
• предварительный [prʲɪdvɐrʲɪˈtʲelʲnɨj] - [Neutral, Often used in legal or planning scenarios]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations are encountered in intermediate-level texts, such as literature, news, and professional discussions, but not in basic everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate level per CEFR; requires understanding of adjective inflections and contextual usage. For 'предвосхищающий', it may be C1 due to its complexity; 'ожидаемый' is more B2.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

предвосхищающий: [prʲɪdvɐˈʂːaɪ̯ʂːɪj]

ожидаемый: [ɐʐɨˈdaɛmɨj]

предварительный: [prʲɪdvɐrʲɪˈtʲelʲnɨj]

Note on предвосхищающий: This word has a challenging consonant cluster (/ʂː/ sound), which can be difficult for non-native speakers; practice softening the 'r' sound as in Russian palatalization.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to expecting or looking forward to something (e.g., in a proactive sense).

Translation(s) & Context:

• предвосхищающий - Used in formal contexts like psychology or literature to describe something that anticipates future events.
• ожидаемый - Common in everyday situations, such as awaiting results or events.

Usage Examples:

• Его предвосхищающий взгляд на будущее помог компании избежать кризиса.

  His anticipatory view of the future helped the company avoid the crisis.

• В ожидаемом отчёте будут указаны все финансовые детали.

  The anticipatory report will include all financial details.

• Предвосхищающий подход в медицине позволяет предотвратить заболевания.

  An anticipatory approach in medicine helps prevent diseases.

• Ожидаемый результат эксперимента превзошёл все ожидания.

  The anticipatory result of the experiment exceeded all expectations.

• Её предвосхищающее поведение на встрече показало, что она хорошо подготовилась.

  Her anticipatory behavior at the meeting showed that she was well-prepared.

Meaning 2: Precautionary or preliminary (e.g., in planning or legal contexts).

Translation(s) & Context:

• предварительный - Often used in administrative or contractual settings to mean something done in advance.
• предвосхищающий - Applied when implying foresight in decision-making.

Usage Examples:

• Предварительный анализ рынка был предвосхищающим шагом для запуска продукта.

  The preliminary market analysis was an anticipatory step for launching the product.

• В предварительном договоре указаны все ожидаемые условия сделки.

  The anticipatory contract outlines all expected terms of the deal.

• Его предварительные меры были предвосхищающими и предотвратили аварию.

  His precautionary measures were anticipatory and prevented the accident.

• Предвосхищающий план включал резервные варианты на случай непредвиденных обстоятельств.

  The anticipatory plan included backup options for unforeseen circumstances.

• Ожидаемый предварительный отчёт поможет в планировании бюджета.

  The anticipatory preliminary report will aid in budget planning.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

These translations are primarily adjectives, which inflect based on gender, number, and case in Russian. 'Предвосхищающий' and 'ожидаемый' follow standard adjective patterns, while 'предварительный' is also an adjective with regular inflections.

Note: These are regular inflections; no irregular forms. If the adjective is used with feminine or neuter nouns, it changes accordingly (e.g., предвосхищающая for feminine singular).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • прогнозируемый (prognozirovemyy) - More focused on prediction.
  • предупредительный (predupreditel'nyy) - Emphasizes prevention.
  • предвидящий (predvidyashchiy) - Similar but often used in visionary contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • неожиданный (neozhidannyy) - Unexpected.
  • задерживающий (zaderzhivayushchiy) - Delaying.

Related Phrases:

• Предвосхищающее поведение - Anticipatory behavior (Used in psychology to describe proactive actions).
• Ожидаемый исход - Expected outcome (Common in business or scientific contexts).
• Предварительная подготовка - Preliminary preparation (Refers to advance planning in education or events).

Usage Notes:

'Предвосхищающий' is the most direct translation for 'anticipatory' in formal English contexts, but 'ожидаемый' is preferable in casual speech due to its simplicity. Be mindful of Russian adjective agreement with nouns in gender, number, and case. For example, use 'предвосхищающая' for feminine subjects. When choosing between translations, opt for 'предварительный' in legal or administrative scenarios to convey a preliminary nature, as it aligns closely with English precautionary uses.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'предвосхищающий' without proper inflection, e.g., saying "предвосхищающий дом" instead of "предвосхищающий план" in the wrong context. Correct: Ensure it agrees with the noun (e.g., "предвосхищающий план" for masculine accusative). Explanation: Russian adjectives must inflect, unlike English, so learners often forget case endings.
• Mistake: Confusing with 'ожидающий' (waiting), which is not exactly synonymous. Correct: Use 'ожидаемый' for anticipated results. Explanation: 'Ожидающий' implies active waiting, while 'ожидаемый' is passive and anticipatory.
• Mistake: Overusing in informal speech. Correct: Stick to 'ожидаемый' in daily conversations. Explanation: 'Предвосхищающий' sounds overly formal and may come across as pretentious in casual settings.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, anticipatory concepts like 'предвосхищающий' often tie into the value of foresight in literature and philosophy, as seen in works by authors like Dostoevsky, where characters anticipate moral dilemmas. This reflects a broader cultural emphasis on introspection and planning in the face of uncertainty, influenced by historical events like the Soviet era's focus on future-oriented ideologies.

Related Concepts:

• прогноз (prognoz) - Forecast
• предвидение (predvideniye) - Foresight
• профилактика (profilaktika) - Prevention