Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Anticipation'

English Word: Anticipation

Key Russian Translations:

• ожидание [oʐɨˈdanʲɪjə] - [Neutral, Common]
• предвкушение [prʲɪtˈfkuʂɛnʲɪjə] - [Positive Connotation, Informal]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for both translations

Pronunciation (Russian):

ожидание: [oʐɨˈdanʲɪjə]

Note on ожидание: Stress falls on the second syllable. The 'ж' sound is a voiced retroflex fricative, which might be tricky for English speakers.

предвкушение: [prʲɪtˈfkuʂɛnʲɪjə]

Note on предвкушение: Stress on the third syllable. Pay attention to the soft 'р' sound due to palatalization.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Expectation or Waiting

Translation(s) & Context:

• ожидание - Used in neutral or general contexts when referring to waiting for something to happen.

Usage Examples:

• Мы с ожиданием смотрели на дверь, надеясь на его приход.

  We looked at the door with anticipation, hoping for his arrival.

• Ожидание результатов было невыносимым.

  The anticipation of the results was unbearable.

• В зале царило ожидание важного объявления.

  There was an atmosphere of anticipation in the hall for an important announcement.

2. Excited or Positive Expectation

Translation(s) & Context:

• предвкушение - Used when there is a sense of excitement or positive emotion tied to the expectation.

Usage Examples:

• Она с предвкушением открыла подарок.

  She opened the gift with anticipation.

• Предвкушение отпуска заставило его улыбаться весь день.

  The anticipation of the vacation made him smile all day.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

ожидание (Noun, Neuter): Declines according to the second declension pattern in Russian.

Case	Singular
Nominative	ожидание
Genitive	ожидания
Dative	ожиданию
Accusative	ожидание
Instrumental	ожиданием
Prepositional	об ожидании

предвкушение (Noun, Neuter): Follows a similar declension pattern to ожидание.

Case	Singular
Nominative	предвкушение
Genitive	предвкушения
Dative	предвкушению
Accusative	предвкушение
Instrumental	предвкушением
Prepositional	о предвкушении

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for ожидание:

• надежда (hope)
• предположение (assumption)

Note: 'надежда' often implies a more emotional or hopeful expectation compared to 'ожидание'.

Antonyms for ожидание:

• разочарование (disappointment)

Synonyms for предвкушение:

• предчувствие (premonition, often neutral or negative)

Related Phrases:

• в ожидании чего-либо - In anticipation of something (neutral context).
• с предвкушением ждать - To wait with anticipation (positive emotion).

Usage Notes:

• 'ожидание' is the more neutral and commonly used term for 'anticipation' in Russian. It can apply to both positive and negative contexts.
• 'предвкушение' typically carries a positive connotation, often used when there is excitement or joy associated with the expectation.
• Be mindful of the context when choosing between these translations, as using 'предвкушение' in a negative context would sound unnatural.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'предвкушение' for negative anticipation. For example, saying "предвкушение плохих новостей" (anticipation of bad news) is incorrect.
  Correct Usage: Use 'ожидание плохих новостей' instead.
• Error: Misplacing stress in pronunciation, such as stressing the first syllable of 'ожидание' (wrong: [ˈoʐɨdanʲɪjə]).
  Correct Usage: Stress the second syllable [oʐɨˈdanʲɪjə].

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of 'ожидание' (anticipation) is often tied to patience, a valued trait. Expressions of waiting or anticipating events are common in literature and daily conversation, reflecting a cultural acceptance of delayed outcomes.

Related Concepts:

• терпение (patience)
• надежда (hope)
• страх (fear, in negative anticipation)