Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Antibody'

English Word: antibody

Key Russian Translations:

• антитело [ɐnʲtʲɪˈtʲelə] - [Neutral, Scientific]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in scientific and medical contexts)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate - due to specialized context)

Pronunciation (Russian):

антитело: [ɐnʲtʲɪˈtʲelə]

Note on антитело: Stress falls on the third syllable. The "и" is pronounced as a short "i," and the final "о" is reduced in casual speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Biological/Medical Term (A protein produced by the immune system)

Translation(s) & Context:

• антитело - Used in medical, biological, and scientific discussions to refer to antibodies as part of the immune response.

Usage Examples:

• Антитела помогают организму бороться с инфекциями.

  Antibodies help the body fight infections.

• В крови были обнаружены антитела к вирусу.

  Antibodies to the virus were detected in the blood.

• Иммунитет вырабатывает антитела после вакцинации.

  The immune system produces antibodies after vaccination.

• Моноклональные антитела используются в лечении рака.

  Monoclonal antibodies are used in cancer treatment.

• Уровень антител может указывать на перенесённое заболевание.

  The level of antibodies can indicate a past illness.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

The Russian word антитело is a neuter noun and follows the standard declension pattern for neuter nouns ending in -о. Below is the full declension table:

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms:

• иммуноглобулин (technical, often used interchangeably in medical contexts)

Note: "Иммуноглобулин" refers specifically to a class of antibodies and is more technical.

Antonyms:

• антиген (antigen - the substance that triggers antibody production)

Related Phrases:

• моноклональные антитела - Monoclonal antibodies (used in targeted medical treatments).
• антитела к вирусу - Antibodies to a virus (specific immune response).
• выработка антител - Production of antibodies (a biological process).

Usage Notes:

• The Russian term антитело is almost exclusively used in scientific or medical contexts, directly corresponding to the English "antibody." It is not used metaphorically or in everyday casual speech.
• In formal writing or speech, антитело may sometimes be replaced with иммуноглобулин in highly specialized discussions, though the latter often refers to a specific type of antibody.
• Ensure correct grammatical agreement with adjectives or verbs when using антитело (neuter noun) in sentences.

Common Errors:

• Incorrect gender agreement: English speakers may mistakenly treat антитело as masculine or feminine due to its ending. Wrong: "антитела высокий" (should be "антитела высокие" as it is neuter plural).
• Overgeneralization: Learners might use антитело in non-scientific contexts, which sounds unnatural. Stick to its biological meaning.

Cultural Notes:

While the term антитело itself does not carry significant cultural connotations, discussions about antibodies and immunity have gained prominence in Russian media and public discourse due to recent global health events. The concept is often tied to conversations about vaccination and public health campaigns.

Related Concepts:

• иммунитет (immunity)
• антиген (antigen)
• вакцина (vaccine)