Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'amino'

English Word: amino

Key Russian Translations:

• амино [/ɐˈmʲinə/] - [Formal, Scientific context; used as a prefix in chemical terminology]
• аминогруппа [/ɐmʲɪnəˈɡrupə/] - [Formal, Specialized; refers to the amino group in chemistry]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific and academic contexts, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with chemical terminology and basic Russian morphology, though "амино" as a prefix is straightforward once learned)

Pronunciation (Russian):

амино: /ɐˈmʲinə/ (The stress falls on the second syllable; note the palatalized 'м' sound, which is common in Russian and may be challenging for English speakers.)

аминогруппа: /ɐmʲɪnəˈɡrupə/ (Emphasize the final syllable; the 'г' is pronounced as a hard 'g'.)

Note on амино: This word often appears as a prefix and can vary slightly in pronunciation based on the following root word; for example, it softens in compounds.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: As a prefix indicating relation to amines or amino acids in chemistry.

Translation(s) & Context:

• амино - Used in formal scientific writing to denote chemical compounds, such as in biochemistry.
• аминогруппа - Refers specifically to the -NH2 group in organic chemistry; common in educational and research contexts.

Usage Examples:

• В химии амино-группа играет ключевую роль в образовании белков.

  In chemistry, the amino group plays a key role in the formation of proteins.

• Амино-кислоты необходимы для нормального функционирования организма.

  Amino acids are necessary for the normal functioning of the body.

• Ученые изучают, как амино-соединения влияют на биологические процессы.

  Scientists study how amino compounds affect biological processes.

• В лабораторных экспериментах мы синтезировали новые амино-производные.

  In laboratory experiments, we synthesized new amino derivatives.

• Амино-структуры часто встречаются в молекулярной биологии.

  Amino structures are often encountered in molecular biology.

Meaning 2: In broader contexts, referring to derivatives or related compounds.

Translation(s) & Context:

• амино - Informal or semi-formal use in discussions about pharmaceuticals or nutrition.

Usage Examples:

• Добавки с амино-кислотами популярны среди спортсменов.

  Supplements with amino acids are popular among athletes.

• Амино-содержащие вещества помогают в восстановлении после тренировок.

  Amino-containing substances help in recovery after workouts.

• В фармацевтике амино-производные используются для лечения заболеваний.

  In pharmaceuticals, amino derivatives are used to treat diseases.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Амино" is primarily used as a prefix and does not inflect on its own. However, when it forms part of a noun like "аминогруппа," it follows standard Russian noun inflection patterns as a feminine noun in the first declension.

For other compounds like "амино-кислота," the inflection applies to the full noun (e.g., "аминокислоты" in plural genitive).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • амидный (amido; similar in chemical contexts, but with a slight difference in referring to amide groups)
  • амильный (aminal; used for specific derivatives, more niche)
• Antonyms:
  • карбоксильный (carboxyl; opposite functional group in chemistry)

Related Phrases:

• Аминокислота - A compound essential for protein synthesis; commonly used in biology and nutrition.
• Аминогруппа в молекуле - The amino group in a molecule; refers to its role in chemical reactions.
• Синтез амино-соединений - Synthesis of amino compounds; a phrase for laboratory processes in chemistry.

Usage Notes:

The English word "amino" directly corresponds to "амино" in Russian as a prefix, primarily in scientific fields like chemistry and biology. It is almost always used in formal contexts, such as academic papers or technical discussions, and should be avoided in casual conversation to prevent sounding overly technical. When choosing between translations like "амино" and "аминогруппа," opt for "амино" for general prefixes and "аминогруппа" for specific references to the -NH2 group. Grammatically, ensure it integrates correctly with Russian word formation rules, as it doesn't stand alone as a full word.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "амино" as a standalone noun instead of a prefix, e.g., saying "Я ем амино" to mean "I eat amino" (incorrect).

  Correct: "Я ем продукты с аминокислотами" (I eat products with amino acids). Explanation: "Амино" must be part of a compound word; using it alone confuses it with unrelated terms and disrupts Russian syntax.

• Error: Mispronouncing the palatalized 'м' in "амино," making it sound like /ɐˈminə/ instead of /ɐˈmʲinə/.

  Correct: Practice the soft 'м' sound, as in "мягкий" (soft). Explanation: This is a common issue for English speakers due to the absence of palatalization in English, leading to misunderstandings in pronunciation.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific literature, terms like "амино" reflect the influence of international chemistry nomenclature, often borrowed from German and English during the 19th and 20th centuries. While not culturally loaded, it underscores Russia's emphasis on STEM education and its historical contributions to chemistry, such as through figures like Dmitri Mendeleev.

Related Concepts:

• карбоновая цепь (carbon chain)
• пептидная связь (peptide bond)
• биологическая молекула (biological molecule)