allowance
Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Allowance'
English Word: Allowance
Key Russian Translations:
- пособие [pɐˈsobʲɪjə] - [Formal, Often used for financial aid or benefits]
- допуск [dɐˈpusk] - [Formal/Technical, Often used in contexts of permission or tolerance]
- карманные деньги [kɐrˈmanɨjə ˈdʲenʲɡʲɪ] - [Informal, Refers to pocket money for children]
Frequency: Medium (varies by context; "пособие" is more common in formal settings, "карманные деньги" in everyday speech)
Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "пособие" and "допуск"; A2 (Beginner-Intermediate) for "карманные деньги"
Pronunciation (Russian):
пособие: [pɐˈsobʲɪjə]
Note on пособие: Stress falls on the second syllable; the soft 'б' sound is a common challenge for non-native speakers.
допуск: [dɐˈpusk]
Note on допуск: Stress on the second syllable; the final 'к' is a sharp, unaspirated sound.
карманные деньги: [kɐrˈmanɨjə ˈdʲenʲɡʲɪ]
Note on карманные деньги: Two-word phrase with stress on the first syllable of each word; pay attention to the soft 'н' in "деньги".
Audio: []
Meanings and Usage:
1. Financial Support or Benefit
Translation(s) & Context:
- пособие - Used for government benefits, subsidies, or allowances (e.g., unemployment benefits).
Usage Examples:
Она получает пособие по безработице.
She receives unemployment benefits.
Пособие на ребёнка увеличилось в этом году.
The child allowance increased this year.
Мы подали заявление на социальное пособие.
We applied for social benefits.
2. Permission or Tolerance
Translation(s) & Context:
- допуск - Used in technical or formal contexts to mean permission, clearance, or tolerance (e.g., in engineering or access rights).
Usage Examples:
У него есть допуск к секретным документам.
He has clearance to access classified documents.
Допуск в этом механизме составляет 0.5 мм.
The tolerance in this mechanism is 0.5 mm.
Без допуска сюда нельзя войти.
You cannot enter here without clearance.
3. Pocket Money (for Children)
Translation(s) & Context:
- карманные деньги - Refers specifically to small amounts of money given to children for personal spending.
Usage Examples:
Я даю детям карманные деньги каждую неделю.
I give the children pocket money every week.
Он потратил все свои карманные деньги на конфеты.
He spent all his pocket money on candies.
Карманные деньги помогают детям учиться экономить.
Pocket money helps children learn to save.
Russian Forms/Inflections:
пособие (neuter noun): Follows the standard neuter noun declension in Russian.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | пособие | пособия |
| Genitive | пособия | пособий |
| Dative | пособию | пособиям |
| Accusative | пособие | пособия |
| Instrumental | пособием | пособиями |
| Prepositional | о пособии | о пособиях |
допуск (masculine noun): Follows the standard masculine noun declension.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | допуск | допуски |
| Genitive | допуска | допусков |
| Dative | допуску | допускам |
| Accusative | допуск | допуски |
| Instrumental | допуском | допусками |
| Prepositional | о допуске | о допусках |
карманные деньги (compound phrase, plural only): This phrase does not decline as a whole; "карманные" (adjective) agrees with "деньги" (feminine plural noun) in case.
Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:
Synonyms for пособие:
- выплата (payment, benefit)
- субсидия (subsidy)
Note: "выплата" is more general, while "субсидия" often implies a specific government subsidy.
Synonyms for допуск:
- разрешение (permission)
- доступ (access)
Antonyms for допуск:
- запрет (prohibition)
Related Phrases:
- получать пособие - To receive benefits (used for financial support contexts).
- допуск к работе - Clearance to work (used in professional or security contexts).
- давать карманные деньги - To give pocket money (common in family contexts).
Usage Notes:
- The choice between "пособие", "допуск", and "карманные деньги" depends heavily on context. Use "пособие" for formal financial aid, "допуск" for permission or technical tolerance, and "карманные деньги" for informal pocket money.
- "карманные деньги" is always plural and used specifically for money given to children or teenagers.
- Be mindful of the formality of the situation; "пособие" and "допуск" are rarely used in casual speech.
Common Errors:
- Error: Using "допуск" to mean financial allowance. Incorrect: "У меня есть допуск на ребёнка." Correct: "У меня есть пособие на ребёнка." (I have a child allowance.)
- Error: Using "карманные деньги" in formal contexts. Incorrect: "Правительство выдаёт карманные деньги." Correct: "Правительство выдаёт пособие." (The government provides benefits.)
Cultural Notes:
In Russian culture, "карманные деньги" (pocket money) is a common concept in families, often used as a tool to teach children financial responsibility. On the other hand, "пособие" often carries associations with state welfare systems, which are significant in Russian society due to historical reliance on government support.
Related Concepts:
- стипендия (scholarship, stipend)
- зарплата (salary)
- разрешение (permission)