Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'Additionally'

English Word: Additionally

Key Russian Translations:

• дополнительно [dəpɐlʲˈnʲitʲɪlnə] - [Formal, Neutral]
• кроме того [ˈkromʲɪ tɐˈvo] - [Neutral, Used in writing and speech]
• вдобавок [vdɐˈbavək] - [Informal, Conversational]

Frequency: Medium

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for all translations

Pronunciation (Russian):

дополнительно: [dəpɐlʲˈnʲitʲɪlnə]

Note on дополнительно: Stress falls on the third syllable; ensure the soft 'л' sound is pronounced correctly.

кроме того: [ˈkromʲɪ tɐˈvo]

Note on кроме того: Both words are stressed; 'того' has a reduced 'o' sound in casual speech.

вдобавок: [vdɐˈbavək]

Note on вдобавок: Stress on the second syllable; often used with a slight emphasis in spoken language.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. As an addition to something already mentioned (Adverbial use)

Translation(s) & Context:

• дополнительно - Often used in formal or technical contexts to indicate something extra.
• кроме того - Common in both spoken and written language, often used to add a point in discussions.
• вдобавок - Informal, used to emphasize an additional point in casual conversation.

Usage Examples:

• Мы должны подготовить отчет, а дополнительно предоставить презентацию.

  We need to prepare a report and additionally provide a presentation.

• Этот проект важен, кроме того, он может принести большую прибыль.

  This project is important; additionally, it can bring significant profit.

• Он купил машину, а вдобавок получил скидку на страховку.

  He bought a car and, additionally, got a discount on insurance.

• Я закончил работу раньше, кроме того, помог коллеге.

  I finished my work early; additionally, I helped a colleague.

• Нам нужно больше времени, а дополнительно еще и ресурсы.

  We need more time and additionally more resources.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

дополнительно: This is an adverb derived from the adjective "дополнительный" (additional). It does not inflect as it is an adverb.

кроме того: A fixed phrase consisting of the preposition "кроме" (besides) and the pronoun "того" (that). It does not change form.

вдобавок: An adverb, invariant in form, often used colloquially. No inflection occurs.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms:

• сверх того (more formal, less common)
• помимо этого (neutral, often written)

Note: "сверх того" is more formal and less frequent in speech compared to "кроме того."

Antonyms:

• вместо этого (instead of that)

Related Phrases:

• дополнительно к этому - "additionally to this," used to specify what is being added to.
• кроме того, что - "besides the fact that," often introduces a clause with additional information.
• вдобавок ко всему - "on top of everything," used for emphasis in informal contexts.

Usage Notes:

• "дополнительно" is best used in formal or written contexts, such as reports or official communications, to denote something extra or supplementary.
• "кроме того" is the most versatile and widely used option, suitable for both formal and informal contexts, often to add a point in an argument or discussion.
• "вдобавок" is conversational and carries a slight tone of emphasis or surprise; avoid it in very formal writing.
• Unlike "additionally" in English, which is often placed at the beginning of a sentence, Russian equivalents can vary in position depending on emphasis and style.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "дополнительно" in casual speech where "вдобавок" would be more natural.
  Incorrect: Я купил хлеб, дополнительно сыр.
  Correct: Я купил хлеб, а вдобавок сыр.
  Explanation: "дополнительно" sounds overly formal in everyday conversation.
• Error: Misplacing "кроме того" at the end of a sentence.
  Incorrect: Я закончил работу кроме того.
  Correct: Я закончил работу, кроме того, помог коллеге.
  Explanation: "кроме того" typically introduces or connects additional information, not concludes it.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian communication, adding information with phrases like "кроме того" is often used to build a persuasive argument, reflecting a cultural tendency to provide detailed reasoning. Using "вдобавок" can add a conversational flair, often seen in storytelling or casual debates.

Related Concepts:

• помимо (besides)
• также (also)
• ещё (still, yet, more)