Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'absorption'

English Word: absorption

Key Russian Translations:

• поглощение [pɐɡlɐˈʂːenʲɪje] - [Formal, Scientific context]
• абсорбция [ɐbˈsorbtsɨjə] - [Formal, Technical or chemical context]
• впитывание [vˈpʲitɨvanʲɪje] - [Informal, Everyday absorption of liquids or materials]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific, educational, and technical texts, but less frequent in casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of scientific terminology and basic Russian grammar inflections; 'поглощение' and 'абсорбция' may be C1 for advanced learners due to specialized usage)

Pronunciation (Russian):

поглощение: [pɐɡlɐˈʂːenʲɪje]

абсорбция: [ɐbˈsorbtsɨjə]

впитывание: [vˈpʲitɨvanʲɪje]

Note on поглощение: The stress falls on the third syllable ('ʂːenʲɪje'), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the retroflex 'ʂ' sound; it's pronounced with a soft 'sh' similar to 'measure' in English.

Note on абсорбция: This word has a borrowed pronunciation from Latin/German roots, with emphasis on the second syllable; practice the 'ts' cluster for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The process of absorbing or taking in something, such as energy, liquids, or information.

Translation(s) & Context:

• поглощение - Used in scientific or physical contexts, such as physics or chemistry, to describe the absorption of energy or matter.
• впитывание - Applied in everyday situations, like absorbing water into a sponge, often in informal or descriptive language.

Usage Examples:

• В процессе фотосинтеза растения осуществляют поглощение солнечного света.

  In the process of photosynthesis, plants carry out the absorption of sunlight.

• Губка быстро впитывает воду с поверхности стола.

  The sponge quickly absorbs water from the table surface.

• Поглощение знаний в университете помогает в профессиональном росте.

  The absorption of knowledge at university helps in professional development.

• Абсорбция газов в химических реакциях требует специального оборудования.

  The absorption of gases in chemical reactions requires specialized equipment.

Meaning 2: In a metaphorical sense, the state of being fully engaged or immersed in something.

Translation(s) & Context:

• поглощение - Used figuratively in psychological or educational contexts, implying deep focus or immersion.

Usage Examples:

• Его полное поглощение книгой не позволяло отвлекаться на внешние шумы.

  His complete absorption in the book didn't allow him to be distracted by external noises.

• Поглощение работой часто приводит к забыванию о времени.

  Absorption in work often leads to forgetting about time.

• В поглощении музыкой она находила умиротворение.

  In the absorption of music, she found peace.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations are nouns and follow standard Russian noun inflections. 'Поглощение' and 'абсорбция' are neuter nouns in the second declension, while 'впитывание' is also neuter but may vary slightly based on context.

For 'абсорбция', inflections are similar but less commonly used in plural forms due to its technical nature. 'Впитывание' follows the same pattern but is often invariant in informal speech.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • поглощение - ассимиляция (assimilation; more biological context)
  • абсорбция - адсорбция (adsorption; similar but distinct in scientific usage)
  • впитывание - насыщение (saturation; implies complete absorption)
• Antonyms:
  • для поглощение: высвобождение (release)
  • для абсорбция: эмиссия (emission)
  • для впитывание: высыхание (drying out)

Related Phrases:

• Поглощение энергии - Absorption of energy (Used in physics to describe energy intake in systems).
• Впитывание влаги - Absorption of moisture (Common in everyday contexts, like materials science or household tips).
• Абсорбция света - Absorption of light (Technical phrase in optics or photography).

Usage Notes:

• Choose 'поглощение' for formal or scientific contexts, as it directly mirrors the English 'absorption' in processes like physics or chemistry, but avoid it in casual speech where 'впитывание' feels more natural.
• 'Абсорбция' is a loanword and is best used in technical fields; it's not interchangeable with 'поглощение' due to subtle differences in chemical versus general absorption.
• Grammatically, these nouns require correct case agreement; for example, use the genitive case after prepositions like 'после' (after).
• In metaphorical uses, 'поглощение' can imply intense focus, similar to English idioms, but it's less common in Russian everyday language.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing 'поглощение' with 'поглощение пищи' (absorption of food), which is incorrect; instead, use 'поглощение' for energy, not eating. Correct: 'Поглощение солнечного света' (Absorption of sunlight). Explanation: Russian differentiates absorption types more precisely than English.
• Error: Using 'абсорбция' in non-technical contexts, e.g., saying 'абсорбция воды' for a sponge, which sounds awkward. Correct: 'Впитывание воды'. Explanation: 'Абсорбция' is reserved for scientific absorption, while 'впитывание' is for everyday scenarios.
• Error: Forgetting inflections, e.g., using nominative 'поглощение' in a genitive context like 'процесс поглощение'. Correct: 'процесс поглощения'. Explanation: Always adjust for case to maintain grammatical accuracy in Russian sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'поглощение' often appear in educational and scientific contexts, reflecting Russia's emphasis on STEM fields. For instance, in literature or media, metaphorical absorption (e.g., of ideas) can symbolize intellectual depth, as seen in works by authors like Tolstoy, where characters are "absorbed" in philosophical thoughts, highlighting a cultural value on introspection and knowledge acquisition.

Related Concepts:

• диффузия (diffusion)
• ассимиляция (assimilation)
• эмиссия (emission)
• насыщение (saturation)