Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'abrupt'

English Word: abrupt

Key Russian Translations:

• резкий [ˈrʲezkʲɪj] - [Formal/Informal, Adjective]
• внезапный [vnʲɪˈzapnɨj] - [Formal/Informal, Adjective]
• отрывистый [ɐtrɨˈvʲistɨj] - [Informal, Adjective, Often for speech or tone]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in both spoken and written contexts)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for "резкий" and "внезапный"; B2 (Upper-Intermediate) for "отрывистый"

Pronunciation (Russian):

резкий: [ˈrʲezkʲɪj]

Note on резкий: Stress on the first syllable; the "р" sound is rolled, and "е" is pronounced as "ye".

внезапный: [vnʲɪˈzapnɨj]

Note on внезапный: Stress on the second syllable; "вне-" is a common prefix meaning "sudden" or "out of".

отрывистый: [ɐtrɨˈvʲistɨj]

Note on отрывистый: Stress on the third syllable; often used to describe abrupt or curt speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. Sudden or Unexpected (e.g., an abrupt change)

Translation(s) & Context:

• внезапный - Used for events or changes that happen unexpectedly.
• резкий - Can also describe sudden shifts, often with a negative or harsh connotation.

Usage Examples:

• Погода изменилась внезапным образом.

  The weather changed in an abrupt manner.

• Резкий поворот событий застал нас врасплох.

  The abrupt turn of events caught us off guard.

• Его внезапный уход удивил всех.

  His abrupt departure surprised everyone.

2. Curt or Brusque (e.g., an abrupt tone or manner)

Translation(s) & Context:

• резкий - Commonly used for tone, behavior, or speech that feels harsh or rude.
• отрывистый - Specifically for short, clipped speech or responses.

Usage Examples:

• Он ответил резким тоном, и я замолчал.

  He replied in an abrupt tone, and I fell silent.

• Её отрывистые фразы показывали раздражение.

  Her abrupt phrases showed irritation.

• Не будь таким резким, пожалуйста.

  Please don’t be so abrupt.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

резкий (Adjective): Follows standard adjective declension based on gender, number, and case.

Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	резкий	резкая	резкое	резкие
Genitive	резкого	резкой	резкого	резких

внезапный (Adjective): Follows similar adjective declension rules as above.

отрывистый (Adjective): Also follows standard adjective declension, with a focus on its use in descriptive contexts for speech or actions.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

Synonyms for резкий:

• острый (sharp, harsh)
• грубый (rude, coarse)

Note: "острый" often implies sharpness in a literal or metaphorical sense, while "грубый" is more about rudeness.

Antonyms for резкий:

• мягкий (soft, gentle)
• ласковый (kind, tender)

Related Phrases:

• резкий ответ - An abrupt reply (used when someone responds harshly or curtly).
• внезапный поворот - An abrupt turn (often metaphorical, as in a sudden change of events).
• отрывистая речь - Abrupt speech (used to describe short, clipped speaking style).

Usage Notes:

• "резкий" is the most versatile translation for "abrupt" and can be used for tone, behavior, or sudden changes, but it often carries a negative connotation of harshness.
• "внезапный" is more neutral and strictly refers to suddenness, often in the context of events or changes, not tone or manner.
• "отрывистый" is niche and mostly applies to speech or actions that are short and disconnected; it is less common in formal writing.
• Choose the translation based on context: for tone or manner, use "резкий" or "отрывистый"; for events or changes, use "внезапный".

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "внезапный" to describe a rude tone (e.g., "внезапный голос" for "abrupt voice"). Correct: Use "резкий голос" for an abrupt or harsh tone. "внезапный" only applies to sudden occurrences, not personal demeanor.
• Error: Misusing "отрывистый" for sudden events (e.g., "отрывистое событие"). Correct: Use "отрывистый" only for speech or actions, and "внезапный" for events.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, being "резкий" (abrupt or harsh) in tone or behavior can be perceived as more direct or straightforward than rude, especially in professional or hierarchical settings. However, it may still offend in personal interactions if not balanced with politeness. Russians often value directness, but abruptness without context or warmth can be seen as cold.

Related Concepts:

• грубость (rudeness)
• прямолинейность (directness)
• неожиданность (unexpectedness)