Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'ablate'

English Word: ablate

Key Russian Translations:

• удалять (/ʊˈdalʲɪtʲ/) - [Formal, Verb, Used in medical or scientific contexts]
• вырезать (/vɨˈrʲezatʲ/) - [Informal/Neutral, Verb, Plural forms applicable, Used when referring to physical removal]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical and medical discussions but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate for learners, as it involves verb conjugations; for 'удалять', it's B1, but 'вырезать' may require B2 due to irregular aspects)

Pronunciation (Russian):

удалять: /ʊˈdalʲɪtʲ/

вырезать: /vɨˈrʲezatʲ/

Note on удалять: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the soft 'л' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. A common variant in spoken Russian might soften to /ʊdɐˈlʲatʲ/ in casual speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: To remove or erode material, often in medical, scientific, or geological contexts.

Translation(s) & Context:

• удалять - Used in formal settings like surgery or ablation procedures, emphasizing systematic removal.
• вырезать - Applied in contexts involving cutting out, such as in surgery or editing, with a more physical connotation.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи решили удалять опухоль лазером, чтобы минимизировать повреждения окружающих тканей.

  Doctors decided to ablate the tumor with a laser to minimize damage to surrounding tissues.

• В геологии ледники могут вырезать долины в скалах за тысячи лет.

  In geology, glaciers can ablate valleys in rocks over thousands of years.

• Хирург аккуратно вырезал поврежденную часть органа во время операции.

  The surgeon carefully ablated the damaged part of the organ during the operation.

• Инженеры используют специальные инструменты, чтобы удалять слои материала в процессе производства.

  Engineers use special tools to ablate layers of material in the manufacturing process.

• При высоких температурах атмосферные силы могут вырезать поверхность космического корабля.

  At high temperatures, atmospheric forces can ablate the surface of a spacecraft.

Secondary Meaning: To reduce or wear away gradually, as in non-physical contexts like data processing.

Translation(s) & Context:

• удалять - In digital or abstract contexts, meaning to erase or delete.

Usage Examples:

• Программа автоматически удаляет старые файлы для освобождения места на диске.

  The program automatically ablates old files to free up space on the disk.

• В алгоритме машинного обучения лишние данные удаляются на этапе предобработки.

  In machine learning algorithms, unnecessary data is ablated during the preprocessing stage.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'удалять' and 'вырезать' are verbs in Russian, which means they undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number. 'Удалять' is an imperfective verb, while 'вырезать' can be both imperfective and perfective depending on context.

Note: These verbs do not have irregular inflections but follow standard patterns for first-conjugation verbs in Russian.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • исключать (isklyuchat') - More general, meaning to exclude or eliminate.
  • элиминировать (eliminovat') - Formal, borrowed term, often used in scientific contexts with slight nuance of complete removal.
• Antonyms:
  • добавлять (dobavlyat') - To add or include.
  • накапливать (nakaplivat') - To accumulate or build up.

Related Phrases:

• удалить опухоль (udalit' opukhol') - To remove a tumor; used in medical contexts to describe surgical procedures.
• вырезать фрагмент (vyrezat' fragment) - To cut out a fragment; common in editing or crafting, implying precision.
• лазерное удаление (lazernoe udalenie) - Laser ablation; a phrase for advanced medical techniques.

Usage Notes:

'Ablate' corresponds most closely to 'удалять' in formal or technical Russian, but 'вырезать' is preferred for physical cutting actions. Be mindful of aspect: use imperfective 'удалять' for ongoing processes and perfective forms like 'удалить' for completed actions. In everyday speech, these verbs are neutral but may sound formal; avoid in casual conversations unless necessary. When choosing between translations, opt for 'удалять' in scientific contexts and 'вырезать' for literal cutting to ensure natural flow.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Confusing the aspect and using 'удалять' for a one-time action. Incorrect: "Я удалять опухоль вчера." (Grammatically wrong due to aspect mismatch) Correct: "Я удалил опухоль вчера." (Used perfective for completed action) Explanation: Russian verbs require the correct aspect; imperfective for processes, perfective for results.
• Mistake: Overusing 'вырезать' in non-physical contexts. Incorrect: "Программа вырезает файлы." (Implies physical cutting) Correct: "Программа удаляет файлы." Explanation: 'Вырезать' is more literal; use 'удалять' for abstract removal to avoid confusion.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and language, terms like 'удалять' in medical contexts often reflect a historical emphasis on precision in Soviet-era science, where ablation techniques were advanced. This can carry connotations of resilience and technological prowess, especially in discussions of space exploration, as seen in Russian cosmonautics.

Related Concepts:

• эрозия (eroziya) - Erosion
• хирургия (khirurgiya) - Surgery
• абляция (ablyatsiya) - Ablation (borrowed term)