Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'wrench'

English Word: wrench

Key Russian Translations:

• гаечный ключ [ɡɐˈjɛtʲnɨj klʲutʂ] - [Formal, Noun; Used in technical or mechanical contexts]
• вывихнуть [vɨˈvʲixnʊtʲ] - [Informal, Verb; Used to describe a forceful twist or dislocation]

Frequency: Medium (The word and its translations are commonly encountered in technical, everyday, or medical discussions, but not in casual conversation.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; Learners at this level can grasp the basic usage, but mastering inflections and contexts may require practice. For 'гаечный ключ', it's B1; for 'вывихнуть', it's B2 due to verb conjugations.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

гаечный ключ: [ɡɐˈjɛtʲnɨj klʲutʂ]

вывихнуть: [vɨˈvʲixnʊtʲ]

Note on гаечный ключ: The stress is on the second syllable of "гаечный" [ɡɐˈjɛtʲnɨj], which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft 'tʲ' sound. Pronounce it with a clear Russian 'ы' vowel.

Note on вывихнуть: The 'вɨ' sound is a reduced vowel, often sounding like a quick 'i' in unstressed positions; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A tool used for gripping and turning nuts, bolts, etc. (Noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• гаечный ключ - Typically used in mechanical, automotive, or DIY contexts; formal and precise in technical settings.

Usage Examples:

• Я взял гаечный ключ из ящика инструментов, чтобы отвинтить гайку.

  I took the wrench from the toolbox to unscrew the nut.

• В гараже всегда должен быть гаечный ключ на случай ремонта.

  There should always be a wrench in the garage for repairs.

• Механик использует гаечный ключ для затяжки болтов в автомобиле.

  The mechanic uses a wrench to tighten bolts in the car.

• Если у вас нет гаечного ключа, можно improvised с помощью пассатижей.

  If you don't have a wrench, you can improvise with pliers.

Meaning 2: To twist or pull something suddenly and violently; to sprain or dislocate (Verb)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вывихнуть - Used in contexts involving injury or forceful action; informal and often in medical or physical descriptions.

Usage Examples:

• Он вывихнул руку, пытаясь поднять тяжелый ящик.

  He wrenched his arm while trying to lift the heavy box.

• Во время падения она вывихнула лодыжку на неровной дороге.

  During the fall, she wrenched her ankle on the uneven road.

• С силой вывихнуть дверь может повредить замок.

  Forcibly wrenching the door could damage the lock.

• В спорте легко вывихнуть мышцу, если не разминаться правильно.

  In sports, it's easy to wrench a muscle if you don't warm up properly.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'гаечный ключ' (a noun phrase): 'Ключ' is a masculine noun in the second declension, which undergoes regular inflection based on case and number. 'Гаечный' is an adjective that agrees with 'ключ' in gender, number, and case.

For 'вывихнуть' (a verb): This is a perfective verb in the first conjugation. It inflects irregularly in some forms due to its stem. Example conjugations in present tense (though it's perfective, so often used with aspects):

Note: 'Вывихнуть' is aspectually perfective; for imperfective, use 'вывивать'.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for гаечный ключ: инструмент для гаек (tool for nuts), торцевой ключ (socket wrench) - The latter is more specific for certain types.
• Synonyms for вывихнуть: свернуть (to twist), растянуть (to strain) - 'Растянуть' implies less force.
• Antonyms: вправить (to set back, as in fixing a dislocation) - Often used in medical contexts opposite to вывихнуть.

Related Phrases:

• Гаечный ключ с удлиненной ручкой - A wrench with an extended handle; used for better leverage in tight spaces.
• Вывихнуть шею - To wrench one's neck; common in descriptions of minor injuries.
• Использовать гаечный ключ правильно - To use a wrench properly; emphasizes safety in tool usage.

Usage Notes:

'Гаечный ключ' directly corresponds to the English 'wrench' as a tool, but in Russian, it's more specific to types like adjustable or socket wrenches. Use it in formal or technical contexts; in everyday speech, people might just say 'ключ'. For the verb 'вывихнуть', it's best for sudden, violent actions, unlike milder English equivalents. When choosing between translations, opt for 'гаечный ключ' in mechanical scenarios and 'вывихнуть' for injuries. Be mindful of Russian's aspect system: pair with imperfective forms for ongoing actions.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'ключ' alone to mean 'wrench', assuming it's universally understood. Correct: Specify 'гаечный ключ' to avoid confusion with other keys (e.g., door keys). Example of error: "Я взял ключ" (meaning a wrench, but it could be misinterpreted). Correct usage: "Я взял гаечный ключ".

• Error: Misconjugating 'вывихнуть' in past tense, e.g., saying 'вывихнул' incorrectly in context. Correct: Ensure proper aspect; for example, don't use it where an imperfective is needed. Example of error: "Я вывихнул руку вчера" (correct), but confusing it with 'вывивать' for ongoing action.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, tools like the 'гаечный ключ' are emblematic of DIY and garage culture, especially in rural or Soviet-era contexts where self-repair was common due to limited access to professional services. The verb 'вывихнуть' often appears in folklore or anecdotes about physical labor, reflecting a cultural emphasis on resilience and practical skills.

Related Concepts:

• инструменты (tools)
• травмы (injuries)
• ремонт (repair)