Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'vessel'

English Word: vessel

Key Russian Translations:

• судно [ˈsudnə] - [Formal, Nautical context]
• сосуд [ˈsɐsʊt] - [Formal, Scientific or everyday object context]

Frequency: Medium (Common in specialized fields like navigation and medicine, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires basic understanding of Russian noun declensions, with 'судно' being slightly easier due to regular patterns)

Pronunciation (Russian):

судно: [ˈsudnə]

сосуд: [ˈsɐsʊt]

Note on судно: The stress is on the first syllable; be careful with the soft 'н' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers used to harder consonants.

Note on сосуд: Pronounce the 'о' as a mid-back rounded vowel; variations may occur in regional dialects, but standard Russian uses this IPA.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A watercraft or ship (e.g., boat, vessel for transportation)

Translation(s) & Context:

• судно - Used in formal or technical contexts, such as maritime discussions or literature.

Usage Examples:

• Большое судно прибыло в порт рано утром.

  A large vessel arrived at the port early in the morning.

• Морское судно пересекает океан с грузом на борту.

  The sea vessel is crossing the ocean with cargo on board.

• Во время шторма судно может потерять управление.

  During a storm, the vessel might lose control.

• Современное судно оснащено новейшими технологиями.

  The modern vessel is equipped with the latest technologies.

Meaning 2: A container or receptacle (e.g., for holding liquids)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сосуд - Commonly used in medical, scientific, or everyday contexts, such as describing blood vessels or jars.

Usage Examples:

• Кровеносный сосуд транспортирует кровь по телу.

  A blood vessel transports blood throughout the body.

• Стеклянный сосуд использовался для хранения химических веществ.

  The glass vessel was used for storing chemicals.

• В лаборатории разбился хрупкий сосуд с образцом.

  In the laboratory, a fragile vessel containing a sample broke.

• Древний сосуд был найден во время археологических раскопок.

  An ancient vessel was discovered during archaeological excavations.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'судно' and 'сосуд' are neuter nouns in Russian, which follow standard declension patterns. 'Судно' is a third-declension noun with regular inflections, while 'сосуд' also follows regular patterns but may vary slightly in plural forms.

Note: These nouns do not have irregular forms, making them relatively straightforward for learners, but always pay attention to case endings in sentences.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for судно: корабль (ship, more specific to larger vessels), лодка (boat, smaller scale) - 'корабль' is often used interchangeably but implies grandeur.
• Synonyms for сосуд: контейнер (container, modern usage), емкость (capacity holder) - 'емкость' emphasizes volume.
• Antonyms: For both: суша (land, opposite of water-related vessel)

Related Phrases:

• Морское судно - A sea vessel; refers to ships used in ocean travel.
• Кровеносный сосуд - Blood vessel; commonly used in medical contexts.
• Стеклянный сосуд - Glass vessel; implies a fragile container in scientific settings.
• Плавательное судно - Floating vessel; emphasizes buoyancy in nautical discussions.

Usage Notes:

The English word 'vessel' translates to Russian as 'судно' for maritime meanings and 'сосуд' for containers, but choose based on context—'судно' is ideal for transportation, while 'сосуд' fits biological or storage scenarios. Be mindful of formal register; both are neutral but can sound archaic in casual speech. Grammatically, these nouns require correct declension to match case, e.g., use genitive for possession like 'владельца судна' (owner of the vessel). If multiple translations apply, 'судно' is often preferred in everyday Russian for ships due to its precision.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'судно' interchangeably with 'сосуд' in medical contexts. Incorrect: 'Кровеносное судно' (wrong, as it implies a ship). Correct: 'Кровеносный сосуд'. Explanation: 'Судно' is specific to vehicles, not body parts, leading to confusion for English speakers who might overgeneralize.
• Error: Forgetting declension, e.g., saying 'на судно' instead of 'на судне' in prepositional case. Incorrect: 'Я на судно' (means 'I am on the vessel' but incorrectly). Correct: 'Я на судне'. Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English lacks, so learners must practice noun endings.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'судно' often evokes historical maritime heritage, such as the explorations of Peter the Great or Soviet-era shipping, symbolizing adventure and national pride. 'Сосуд' in contexts like Orthodox Christianity might refer to ritual containers, adding a spiritual layer not present in English usage.

Related Concepts:

• корабль (ship)
• лодка (boat)
• артерия (artery, related to blood vessels)
• контейнер (container)