Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'thrust'

English Word: thrust

Key Russian Translations:

• толчок [ˈtolʲkək] - [Noun, Formal, Singular]
• толчить [ˈtolʲt͡ɕɪtʲ] - [Verb, Informal, Imperfective]
• напор [nɐˈpor] - [Noun, Formal, Used in contexts like fluid dynamics or emotional intensity]

Frequency: Medium (Common in technical, everyday, and literary contexts, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary like "push").

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian noun declensions and verb aspects, but straightforward for learners familiar with basic motion verbs).

Pronunciation (Russian):

толчок: [ˈtolʲkək]

Note on толчок: The stress falls on the first syllable; the palatalized 'л' can be tricky for English speakers, sounding like "l" in "million".

толчить: [ˈtolʲt͡ɕɪtʲ]

Note on толчить: The 'ч' is a voiceless palatal fricative, similar to 'ch' in "church", and the verb has aspectual variations; be aware of the soft sign 'ь' affecting pronunciation.

напор: [nɐˈpor]

Note on напор: Stress on the second syllable; the 'о' is pronounced as a short 'o' sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A forceful push or forward movement (e.g., in physics or everyday actions)

Translation(s) & Context:

• толчок - Used in physical or mechanical contexts, such as engine thrust; common in formal writing or technical discussions.
• напор - Applied to abstract or fluid forces, like wind thrust or emotional drive; suitable for descriptive narratives.

Usage Examples:

• Двигатель ракеты развивает огромный толчок при запуске.

  The rocket engine develops a huge thrust during launch.

• Он толкнул дверь с силой, чтобы открыть её.

  He thrust the door open with force.

• Ветер создаёт напор, который толкает парусник вперёд.

  The wind creates a thrust that pushes the sailboat forward.

• Её речь имела напор, который вдохновил аудиторию.

  Her speech had a thrust that inspired the audience.

Meaning 2: To push suddenly and forcefully (as a verb)

Translation(s) & Context:

• толчить - Informal verb for repeated or ongoing pushing; often in imperfective aspect for actions in progress.

Usage Examples:

• Не толчи меня, я и так спешу!

  Don't thrust me; I'm already in a hurry!

• Он толкал тележку по коридору, чтобы переместить груз.

  He was thrusting the cart down the hallway to move the load.

• В толпе люди толкали друг друга, чтобы пройти вперёд.

  In the crowd, people were thrusting each other to get ahead.

• Она толкнула кнопку лифта несколько раз.

  She thrust the elevator button several times.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'толчок' (a masculine noun, 2nd declension):

For 'толчить' (a verb, imperfective):

• Present: толчу (I thrust), толчишь (you thrust), толчит (he/she thrusts), etc.
• Past: толчил (masc.), толчила (fem.), толчило (neut.), толчили (plur.)
• Future: буду толчить (I will thrust)
• Note: It has a perfective counterpart 'толкнуть' for completed actions.

'напор' (a masculine noun, follows standard declension and is relatively invariable in common usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • толчок: штурм (assault, for forceful advance)
  • толчить: пихать (to shove, more casual)
  • напор: давление (pressure, in physical contexts)
• Antonyms:
  • толчок: торможение (braking)
  • толчить: останавливать (to stop)
  • напор: слабость (weakness)

Related Phrases:

• Толчок в спину - A push in the back; used metaphorically for unexpected support or betrayal.
• Непрерывный напор - Continuous thrust; refers to sustained effort in sports or work.
• Толкать в дверь - To thrust at the door; common in action scenes.

Usage Notes:

Thrust in English often implies a directed, forceful action, which aligns closely with 'толчок' for nouns and 'толчить' for verbs in Russian. However, choose 'напор' for contexts involving flow or intensity, such as in engineering. Be mindful of aspect in verbs: use imperfective 'толчить' for ongoing actions and perfective 'толкнуть' for single events. In formal writing, prefer 'толчок' over more colloquial options.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing 'толчить' with 'толкать' (another verb for pushing). Incorrect: Толчу дверь (might imply grinding). Correct: Толкаю дверь. Explanation: 'Толкать' is more general for pushing; 'толчить' implies a pounding or repetitive motion.
• Error: Forgetting declensions, e.g., using 'толчок' in genitive as 'толчок' instead of 'толчка'. Incorrect: Я видел толчок. (in a sentence requiring genitive). Correct: Я видел толчок (but adjust for case). Explanation: Russian nouns change based on case, so always check the sentence structure.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, phrases like 'толчок в спину' can metaphorically represent the idea of a sudden impetus in life, such as in literature by authors like Tolstoy, where it symbolizes fate's intervention. This reflects a broader cultural emphasis on resilience and external forces in personal narratives.

Related Concepts:

• штурм (assault)
• давление (pressure)
• импульс (impulse)