Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'thermonuclear'

English Word: thermonuclear

Key Russian Translations:

• термоядерный /tɛrmoˈjadərnɨj/ - [Formal; Scientific/Military Context]

Frequency: Low - This term is rarely used in everyday conversation and is primarily confined to scientific, technical, or military discussions.

Difficulty: Advanced (C1-C2) - Requires familiarity with scientific terminology and Russian adjective declensions; suitable for learners with a strong background in physics or language.

Pronunciation (Russian):

термоядерный: /tɛrmoˈjadərnɨj/

Note on термоядерный: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ja"), which can be challenging for English speakers due to the soft 'й' sound. Pronounce it with a clear 'r' and a soft 'y' glide.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to nuclear fusion or weapons (e.g., involving extremely high temperatures and atomic nuclei fusion)

Translation(s) & Context:

• термоядерный - Used in formal scientific, military, or educational contexts to describe processes or devices involving thermonuclear reactions, such as bombs or stars.

Usage Examples:

• Термоядерная бомба была разработана во время Холодной войны.

  The thermonuclear bomb was developed during the Cold War.

• В звездах происходят термоядерные реакции, которые производят энергию.

  Thermonuclear reactions occur in stars, producing energy.

• Учёные изучают термоядерный синтез для создания чистой энергии.

  Scientists are studying thermonuclear fusion for creating clean energy.

• Термоядерные испытания запрещены международными договорами.

  Thermonuclear tests are prohibited by international treaties.

• Эта термоядерная технология может революционизировать будущее энергетики.

  This thermonuclear technology could revolutionize future energy production.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

термоядерный is an adjective in Russian, which means it undergoes declension based on gender, number, and case. It follows the standard pattern for adjectives ending in -ый, with regular changes. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This adjective is regular and does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward once the basic patterns are learned.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • ядерный - More general term for nuclear, but less specific to fusion; used in broader contexts.
  • термоядерный синтез - A phrase that emphasizes the fusion aspect.
• Antonyms:
  • холодный - Literal opposite in some contexts, meaning "cold," but not a direct antonym in scientific terms.

Related Phrases:

• Термоядерная война - Thermonuclear war; Refers to conflicts involving nuclear weapons.
• Термоядерный синтез - Thermonuclear fusion; Used in scientific discussions about energy production.
• Термоядерные реакции - Thermonuclear reactions; Common in astrophysics or weapons technology contexts.

Usage Notes:

In English, "thermonuclear" specifically denotes processes involving nuclear fusion at high temperatures, and its Russian equivalent "термоядерный" mirrors this closely. Use it in formal or technical writing rather than casual speech. Be mindful of declension when integrating it into sentences; for example, choose the correct gender and case to match the noun it modifies. If multiple translations are available, "термоядерный" is the most precise for scientific accuracy, while "ядерный" might be used for simplicity but could lose specificity. In military contexts, it's often paired with terms like "бомба" (bomb) to avoid ambiguity.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "термоядерный" with "атомный" (atomic), which refers to fission rather than fusion. Incorrect: "Атомный бомба" for a thermonuclear bomb. Correct: "Термоядерная бомба". Explanation: "Атомный" implies fission-based reactions, so it misrepresents the concept and could lead to factual errors in scientific discussions.

• Error: Failing to decline the adjective properly, e.g., using "термоядерный" in all cases. Incorrect: "В термоядерный реакции" (should be genitive). Correct: "В термоядерных реакциях". Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree with nouns in case, number, and gender, so always check the noun's form first.

Cultural Notes:

The term "термоядерный" is heavily associated with the Cold War era in Russian culture, evoking memories of Soviet nuclear advancements and the arms race with the West. It often carries connotations of power, destruction, and scientific prowess, as seen in historical events like the 1961 Tsar Bomba test. For English speakers, understanding this context can highlight Russia's emphasis on nuclear technology in its national identity and global politics.

Related Concepts:

• ядерный
• атомный
• радиоактивный