Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'swollen'

English Word: swollen

Key Russian Translations:

• опухший /ɐˈpuxʂɨj/ - [Informal, commonly used in everyday contexts for physical swelling]
• отекший /ɐˈtʲekʂɨj/ - [Formal, Medical context, often in professional or clinical settings]
• набухший /nɐˈbuxʂɨj/ - [Neutral, Used for swelling due to inflation or accumulation, e.g., in non-medical contexts]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations are encountered in health-related conversations, literature, and media, but not as frequently as basic everyday vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of Russian adjectives and their inflections. For 'опухший' and 'отекший', the difficulty is similar, but 'набухший' may vary slightly depending on context.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

опухший: /ɐˈpuxʂɨj/ (The 'ш' sound is a soft, retroflex fricative; stress on the second syllable.)

отекший: /ɐˈtʲekʂɨj/ (Note the palatalized 'т' sound, which can be challenging for beginners; stress on the second syllable.)

набухший: /nɐˈbuxʂɨj/ (Emphasize the 'б' as a voiced bilabial stop; this word has a more fluid pronunciation in casual speech.)

Note on опухший: Be cautious with the 'х' sound, which is guttural; it's often softened in informal speech. For отекший, the word may vary slightly in regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Enlarged or puffed up due to fluid accumulation, inflammation, or pressure (e.g., in body parts or objects).

Translation(s) & Context:

• опухший - Used in informal or everyday situations, such as describing a swollen ankle after an injury.
• отекший - Applied in formal or medical contexts, like in hospital reports or health discussions.
• набухший - Neutral usage for non-biological swelling, such as a balloon or fabric.

Usage Examples:

• Мой палец опухший после укуса насекомого. (My finger is swollen after the insect bite.)

  Translation: This example shows 'опухший' in a casual, personal health context, highlighting adjective agreement with the noun.

• У пациента отекшее лицо из-за аллергии. (The patient has a swollen face due to an allergy.)

  Translation: Here, 'отекший' is used in a medical scenario, demonstrating its formal tone and agreement in gender and case.

• Воздух в шине набухший, поэтому она выглядит деформированной. (The air in the tire is swollen, so it looks deformed.)

  Translation: This illustrates 'набухший' in a non-biological context, showing its versatility in describing inanimate objects.

• После длительного плавания у меня опухшие ноги. (After prolonged swimming, my legs are swollen.)

  Translation: Demonstrates 'опухший' in a plural form, emphasizing physical activity-related usage.

• Врачи диагностировали отекшее колено как результат травмы. (Doctors diagnosed the swollen knee as a result of injury.)

  Translation: Shows 'отекший' in a professional medical dialogue, with potential for more complex sentence structures.

Secondary Meaning: Figurative or metaphorical swelling (e.g., in emotions or abstract concepts, though less common).

Translation(s) & Context:

• опухший - Rarely used metaphorically, e.g., for exaggerated emotions.

Usage Examples:

• Его эго опухшее от успеха. (His ego is swollen from success.)

  Translation: This figurative use of 'опухший' in informal speech highlights emotional contexts, though it's not the primary application.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

These translations are adjectives, which inflect based on gender, number, and case in Russian. Adjectives like 'опухший' and 'отекший' follow standard short-form patterns for qualitative adjectives, while 'набухший' is more regular. Below is a table for 'опухший' as an example; similar patterns apply to others with minor variations.

For 'отекший', the inflections are identical in pattern. 'Набухший' is invariable in most contexts but follows the same rules when used predicatively.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • отекший (similar to 'swollen' in medical terms, but more precise for edema)
  • набухший (interchangeable in non-biological contexts, with a connotation of expansion)
  • раздувшийся (used for inflated or bloated objects, slight difference in implying pressure)
• Antonyms:
  • нормальный (normal)
  • сдувшийся (deflated, for objects)

Related Phrases:

• Опухшее лицо (Swollen face) - A common phrase in health contexts, referring to facial swelling due to injury or illness.
• Отекшие конечности (Swollen limbs) - Used in medical discussions, often for symptoms of conditions like edema.
• Набухший шар (Swollen ball) - Describes an inflated object, helpful in everyday or playful scenarios.

Usage Notes:

Choose 'опухший' for informal, everyday descriptions of swelling, as it directly mirrors the English 'swollen' in casual speech. 'Отекший' is preferred in formal or medical settings due to its clinical precision. Be mindful of adjective agreement in Russian: always match gender, number, and case with the noun (e.g., 'опухший палец' for masculine singular). If multiple translations apply, select based on context—'набухший' for abstract or non-human swelling. This helps avoid overgeneralization when learning Russian vocabulary.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'опухший' in a formal medical report, which sounds too casual. Correct: Opt for 'отекший' instead, e.g., Incorrect: "Палец опухший." Correct: "Палец отекший." Explanation: 'Отекший' conveys a more professional tone and is standard in healthcare.
• Mistake: Forgetting adjective inflections, e.g., saying "опухший ноги" instead of "опухшие ноги." Correct: Ensure plural agreement. Explanation: Russian requires adjectives to inflect, unlike English, which can lead to grammatical errors.
• Mistake: Confusing with similar words like 'больной' (sick), leading to misuse in swelling contexts. Correct: Use 'опухший' specifically for physical enlargement. Explanation: This error stems from overlapping health vocabulary; focus on context to differentiate.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'опухший' often appear in contexts related to traditional health practices, such as folk remedies for swelling (e.g., using herbs for 'отек'). Historically, swelling was associated with rural life and manual labor, reflecting themes in Russian literature like Tolstoy's works, where physical ailments symbolize deeper emotional or social issues.

Related Concepts:

• боль (pain)
• травма (injury)
• аллергия (allergy)