Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'survey'

English Word: survey

Key Russian Translations:

• опрос [ɐˈpros] - [Formal, commonly used in research or opinion contexts]
• обзор [ɐbˈzor] - [Informal, for overviews or summaries]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in business, research, and academic contexts, but not everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires basic understanding of noun declensions and common verbs, but straightforward for learners with foundational Russian)

Pronunciation (Russian):

опрос: [ɐˈpros]

Note on опрос: The stress falls on the second syllable; the 'о' is pronounced as a short vowel, which can be tricky for English speakers accustomed to longer vowel sounds.

обзор: [ɐbˈzor]

Note on обзор: The initial 'o' is reduced, and the 'z' sound is soft; practice with native audio for accurate intonation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A systematic collection of data or opinions (e.g., opinion poll)

Translation(s) & Context:

• опрос - Used in formal settings like market research or social studies, often implying structured questioning.

Usage Examples:

• Мы проводим опрос среди жителей города, чтобы понять их мнение о новых законах.

  We are conducting a survey among city residents to understand their opinion on the new laws.

• Он участвовал в онлайн-опросе, организованном компанией.

  He participated in an online survey organized by the company.

• Результаты опроса показали высокий уровень поддержки.

  The survey results showed a high level of support.

• Для опроса мы использовали анонимные анкеты.

  For the survey, we used anonymous questionnaires.

Meaning 2: An overview or general examination (e.g., a broad review)

Translation(s) & Context:

• обзор - Applied in informal or academic contexts for summaries, such as book reviews or market overviews.

Usage Examples:

• Этот обзор охватывает основные тенденции в экономике.

  This survey covers the main trends in the economy.

• Она написала обзор для журнала на основе своего исследования.

  She wrote a survey for the journal based on her research.

• Обзор земель был проведен перед строительством.

  A land survey was conducted before the construction.

• В обзоре упомянуты ключевые проблемы отрасли.

  The survey mentions the key issues in the industry.

• Его обзор истории искусства был очень информативным.

  His survey of art history was very informative.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For опрос (a masculine noun), it follows standard first-declension patterns with regular changes based on case and number. It is invariant in plural forms for some uses but can vary.

For обзор (also a masculine noun), it has similar regular inflections:

Both words are nouns and do not have irregular forms, making them relatively easy to conjugate once basic declension rules are learned.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • анкетирование (similar to опрос, but more specific to questionnaire-based surveys; often used in formal data collection)
  • исследование (broader term for research, overlapping with обзор in analytical contexts)
• Antonyms:
  • игнорирование (ignoring, as it contrasts with systematic examination)

Related Phrases:

• Провести опрос - To conduct a survey; used in professional or research settings to gather opinions.
• Обзор рынка - Market survey; a common phrase in business for analyzing trends.
• Анонимный опрос - Anonymous survey; emphasizes privacy in data collection.

Usage Notes:

"Опрос" directly corresponds to 'survey' in the sense of opinion polling and is preferred in formal contexts, while "обзор" aligns more with an overview or review. English speakers should note that Russian nouns like these require case agreement; for example, use the genitive case after prepositions like 'о' (about). Choose "опрос" for interactive data collection and "обзор" for passive summaries. Be mindful of context: in casual speech, these words might be replaced with simpler terms like "опросик" for informality.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "опрос" without proper case agreement, e.g., saying "Я думаю о опрос" instead of "Я думаю об опросе". Correct: The prepositional case is required after "о", so it should be "об опросе". This mistake often stems from direct word-for-word translation from English.

• Error: Confusing "опрос" with "обзор" in contexts, e.g., using "обзор" for an opinion poll. Correct: Use "опрос" for data collection; explain that "обзор" is for overviews to avoid miscommunication.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "опрос" is frequently associated with government or media-driven opinion polls, reflecting a historical emphasis on public sentiment in Soviet and post-Soviet eras. For instance, during elections, опросы play a key role in gauging voter opinions, often with a layer of skepticism due to past propaganda influences.

Related Concepts:

• исследование
• анкета
• статистика