Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'subsidy'

English Word: subsidy

Key Russian Translations:

• субсидия /sʊbˈsʲidʲɪjə/ - [Formal, Used in official or economic contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Commonly used in business, government, and economic discussions in Russian media and formal writing)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of economic terminology and noun declensions, suitable for learners with intermediate vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

субсидия: /sʊbˈsʲidʲɪjə/

Note on субсидия: The stress is on the third syllable ('sʲidʲ'), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalized 'sʲ' sound. Pronounce it with a soft 's' as in 'measure'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: Financial assistance or support provided by a government or organization to reduce costs or promote an activity

Translation(s) & Context:

• субсидия - Used in formal contexts such as government policies, business reports, or economic discussions to refer to financial aid.

Usage Examples:

• Правительство предоставило субсидию на развитие сельского хозяйства.

  The government provided a subsidy for the development of agriculture.

• Без субсидий малый бизнес не сможет выжить в кризис.

  Without subsidies, small businesses won't be able to survive the crisis.

• Субсидия от государства помогла снизить цены на топливо.

  The state subsidy helped reduce fuel prices.

• Эти субсидии предназначены для поддержки экологически чистых технологий.

  These subsidies are intended to support environmentally friendly technologies.

• Компании получили субсидию в виде налоговых льгот.

  Companies received a subsidy in the form of tax breaks.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Субсидия is a feminine noun of the first declension in Russian. It follows regular patterns for most cases but has specific changes based on number and case. Below is a table of its inflections:

Note: This word does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • дотация (dotatsiya) - Similar to subsidy but often implies direct financial grants; used in more bureaucratic contexts.
  • пособие (posobie) - General financial aid, but less formal than субсидия; applicable in social welfare scenarios.
• Antonyms:
  • налог (nalog) - Tax, as it represents a financial outflow rather than inflow.

Related Phrases:

• государственная субсидия - State subsidy; Refers to financial support from the government for public initiatives.
• субсидия на жилье - Housing subsidy; Used in contexts of affordable housing programs.
• получить субсидию - To receive a subsidy; Common in applications for financial aid.

Usage Notes:

Субсидия directly corresponds to the English "subsidy" in formal and economic contexts, emphasizing government or organizational financial support. It is typically used in written or professional settings rather than casual conversation. When choosing between translations like субсидия and дотация, opt for субсидия if the context involves broader economic policy. Be mindful of Russian case endings, as they change based on sentence structure (e.g., use accusative for direct objects). This word often pairs with verbs like "получить" (to receive) or "предоставить" (to provide) in sentences.

Common Errors:

• Common Error: Confusing субсидия with пособие and using it interchangeably. For example, learners might say "субсидия на детство" (subsidy for childhood) when they mean child support, which is better as "пособие на ребенка".

  Correct Usage: Use пособие for social welfare payments and субсидия for economic aid. Example: Incorrect - "Я получил субсидия на ребенка." Correct - "Я получил пособие на ребенка." (I received child support.)

• Common Error: Forgetting to decline the noun properly, such as using the nominative form in all cases. For instance, saying "о субсидия" instead of "о субсидии" in genitive contexts.

  Correct Usage: Always adjust for case; e.g., "Разговор о субсидии" (Talk about the subsidy) uses genitive.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, subsidies like субсидия are often tied to state economic policies, reflecting the country's history of centralized planning during the Soviet era. They play a significant role in supporting industries such as agriculture and energy, and understanding them can provide insight into modern Russian economic challenges, like sanctions and domestic reforms.

Related Concepts:

• дотация
• налог
• бюджет