Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'subsequent'

English Word: subsequent

Key Russian Translations:

• последующий [pɐs.lʲɪd.stvu.ju.ʂɨj] - [Formal]
• следующий [slʲɪd.u.ju.ʂɨj] - [Informal, commonly used in everyday contexts]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its variants appear regularly in written Russian, such as in legal, academic, or narrative texts, but less so in casual spoken language.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of adjective declensions and formal vocabulary, though 'следующий' may be easier at A2 level for beginners.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

последующий: [pɐs.lʲɪd.stvu.ju.ʂɨj]

следующий: [slʲɪd.u.ju.ʂɨj]

Note on последующий: The stress falls on the third syllable ('stvu'), and the 'щ' sound (ʂ) can be challenging for English speakers as it's a voiceless palatal fricative; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: Following in time, order, or sequence

Translation(s) & Context:

• последующий - Used in formal or technical contexts, such as legal documents, to indicate something that comes after another event or item.
• следующий - Applied in everyday situations, like scheduling or lists, to mean the next one in a series.

Usage Examples:

• В последующие годы экономика страны значительно улучшилась.

  In the subsequent years, the country's economy improved significantly.

• Следующий пункт повестки дня — обсуждение бюджета.

  The subsequent item on the agenda is the discussion of the budget.

• После этой встречи последующие переговоры были отложены.

  Subsequent negotiations after this meeting were postponed.

• В следующий раз мы обсудим это более подробно.

  We will discuss this in more detail in the subsequent time.

• Последующие события подтвердили наши опасения.

  Subsequent events confirmed our concerns.

Secondary Meaning: Resulting or consequent

Translation(s) & Context:

• последующий - In contexts implying a direct consequence, often in scientific or analytical writing.

Usage Examples:

• Последующие изменения в законе повлияли на бизнес.

  Subsequent changes in the law affected the business.

• Это решение привело к последующим проблемам.

  This decision led to subsequent problems.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'последующий' and 'следующий' are adjectives in Russian, which means they decline according to gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a standard pattern for most cases, but they can be irregular in certain forms. Below is a table for 'последующий' as an example; 'следующий' follows similar rules.

Note: These adjectives do not change in short form usage in some predicative contexts, e.g., 'он последующий' might simplify in informal speech, but standard written Russian requires full declension.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • последующий - Similar to 'дальнейший' (further), but 'дальнейший' implies progression over time.
  • следующий - Synonymous with 'приходящий' (coming), often used interchangeably in sequential contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • предыдущий (previous)
  • первоначальный (initial)

Related Phrases:

• В последующие дни (In the subsequent days) - Refers to the days following an event, often used in narratives.
• Следующий шаг (The subsequent step) - Common in instructions or processes, meaning the next action in a sequence.
• Последующие последствия (Subsequent consequences) - Used in discussions of cause and effect, implying results that follow.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'последующий' is more formal and precise for contexts mirroring the English 'subsequent' in legal or academic settings, while 'следующий' is versatile for everyday use. Always consider the grammatical case when using these adjectives to agree with the noun they modify. For English learners, choose 'следующий' in casual speech to avoid over-formality, but use 'последующий' for exact translations in professional documents. Be mindful of word order; Russian often places adjectives before the noun, similar to English.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'последующий' in informal contexts where 'следующий' is more appropriate, e.g., saying "последующий автобус" instead of "следующий автобус" for "the subsequent bus."

  Correct: Следующий автобус (The subsequent bus). Explanation: 'Следующий' is less stiff and fits daily conversations better.

• Error: Forgetting to decline the adjective, e.g., using 'последующий' in all cases regardless of gender or case.

  Correct: In genitive feminine, use 'последующей книги' (of the subsequent book). Explanation: Russian requires agreement, so undeclined forms sound unnatural and may confuse native speakers.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'последующий' often appear in historical or bureaucratic contexts, reflecting Russia's emphasis on sequential events in literature and official narratives, such as in Tolstoy's works where subsequent developments drive the plot. This highlights a cultural value on cause-and-effect storytelling in Russian arts and media.

Related Concepts:

• последствие (consequence)
• последовательность (sequence)
• дальнейший (further)