Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'structure'

English Word: structure

Key Russian Translations:

• структура [ˈstrʊktʊrə] - [Formal, Used in scientific, technical, or organizational contexts]
• строение [ˈstrɔɪnʲɪjə] - [Formal, Often refers to physical or architectural structure]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic, professional, and everyday discussions, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun declensions and basic scientific terminology; for 'строение', it may vary slightly to B2 due to irregular forms)

Pronunciation (Russian):

структура: [ˈstrʊktʊrə]

строение: [ˈstrɔɪnʲɪjə]

Note on структура: The stress is on the first syllable; be careful with the 'у' sound, which is a short 'u' like in "book". For строение, the 'е' at the end can vary in pronunciation based on regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. The arrangement or organization of parts in a system, object, or concept (e.g., in science, architecture, or society)

Translation(s) & Context:

• структура - Used in formal contexts like scientific reports or business descriptions, emphasizing internal organization.
• строение - Applied to physical structures, such as buildings or biological forms, in descriptive or technical writing.

Usage Examples:

• Эта структура здания обеспечивает его устойчивость к землетрясениям.

  This structure of the building ensures its resistance to earthquakes.

• В химии молекулярная структура определяет свойства вещества.

  In chemistry, the molecular structure determines the properties of a substance.

• Социальная структура общества влияет на распределение ресурсов.

  The social structure of society influences the distribution of resources.

• Архитектор спроектировал строение с уникальной структурой.

  The architect designed the building with a unique structure.

2. A framework or system that provides support or shape (e.g., in grammar, data, or abstract concepts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• структура - Common in educational or abstract discussions, such as sentence structure in language.
• строение - Less common here, but used for tangible frameworks like skeletal structure.

Usage Examples:

• Структура предложения в русском языке включает подлежащее и сказуемое.

  The structure of a sentence in Russian language includes the subject and predicate.

• Эта программа анализирует структуру данных для оптимизации производительности.

  This program analyzes the structure of data for performance optimization.

• Строение скелета человека уникально среди млекопитающих.

  The structure of the human skeleton is unique among mammals.

• В поэзии структура строф определяет ритм и рифму.

  In poetry, the structure of stanzas determines the rhythm and rhyme.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'структура' and 'строение' are feminine nouns in Russian, which means they follow standard feminine declension patterns. 'Структура' is a modern loanword and has relatively regular inflections, while 'строение' can show some irregularities in certain cases.

Note: 'Структура' does not change in some cases due to its foreign origin, making it easier for learners, while 'строение' follows traditional patterns with potential irregularities in plural forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • организация (organization; more abstract and process-oriented)
  • устройство (arrangement; often used for mechanical or functional setups)
• Antonyms:
  • хаос (chaos; implies disorder)
  • беспорядок (disorder; for physical or situational lack of structure)

Related Phrases:

• структура общества - The structure of society; refers to social organization and hierarchies.
• внутренняя структура - Internal structure; used in contexts like biology or engineering to describe components.
• изменить структуру - To change the structure; common in discussions of reform or redesign.

Usage Notes:

'Структура' is the most direct translation for 'structure' in abstract or modern contexts, aligning closely with English usage in fields like IT or science. However, 'строение' is preferred for physical forms. Be mindful of context: in formal writing, use the nominative case for subjects, and ensure proper declension to match the sentence structure. When choosing between translations, opt for 'структура' in everyday or professional English-Russian correspondence, as it avoids overly poetic connotations.

• Grammar tip: Both words require agreement in gender, number, and case with adjectives and verbs.
• Contextual choice: In informal speech, 'структура' might sound too technical; consider paraphrasing for casual conversations.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse case endings, such as saying "в структура" instead of "в структуре" (in the structure). Correct usage: "Я изучаю структуру" (I am studying the structure). Another error is confusing 'структура' with 'строение' in non-physical contexts, e.g., saying "строение предложения" when "структура предложения" is more appropriate. Explanation: Russian nouns must align with prepositions and verbs, so always check the required case—e.g., genitive for possession.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts like 'структура' often tie into historical contexts, such as the rigid social structures under the Soviet era, where societal organization influenced daily life. This can add a layer of connotation in literature or discussions, emphasizing stability versus change.

Related Concepts:

• система (system)
• организм (organism)
• архитектура (architecture)