Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'stoicism'

English Word: stoicism

Key Russian Translations:

• Стоицизм [stoˈitsizm] - [Formal, Philosophical context]

Frequency: Low (This term is primarily used in academic, philosophical, or literary contexts rather than everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with philosophical concepts and basic Russian noun declensions, as per CEFR standards.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Стоицизм: [stoˈitsizm]

Note on Стоицизм: The stress falls on the second syllable ("i" as in "ee"). Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech, but it's generally straightforward for learners with basic Russian phonetics.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A philosophy that emphasizes self-control, rationality, and acceptance of the natural world (e.g., ancient Stoicism).

Translation(s) & Context:

• Стоицизм - Used in formal discussions of philosophy, history, or self-improvement contexts, often in academic or intellectual settings.

Usage Examples:

• В древней Греции стоицизм был одной из ведущих философских школ.

  In ancient Greece, stoicism was one of the leading philosophical schools.

• Стоицизм учит принимать неизбежное без жалоб.

  Stoicism teaches to accept the inevitable without complaints.

• Многие современные психологи черпают вдохновение из стоицизма.

  Many modern psychologists draw inspiration from stoicism.

• Изучение стоицизма помогает развить внутреннюю силу.

  Studying stoicism helps to develop inner strength.

Meaning 2: The personal quality of being stoic, i.e., enduring pain or hardship without showing emotion.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Стоицизм - Applied in everyday contexts to describe resilience, often in personal development or emotional discussions, but less common than in philosophical use.

Usage Examples:

• Его стоицизм в трудные времена вдохновлял всю семью.

  His stoicism during hard times inspired the whole family.

• В культуре Востока стоицизм часто ассоциируется с медитацией и самообладанием.

  In Eastern culture, stoicism is often associated with meditation and self-control.

• Она проявила стоицизм,面对я болезнь без слёз.

  She showed stoicism, facing the illness without tears.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Стоицизм" is a masculine noun (from Greek origin) and follows the standard third declension pattern for borrowed words in Russian. It is relatively regular but may not change in all forms due to its foreign roots. Below is a table outlining its basic inflections:

Note: In modern usage, the plural form is uncommon as "стоицизм" typically refers to the philosophy as a singular concept. It does not inflect irregularly.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Философия стоицизма (Philosophy of stoicism; emphasizes the broader system)
  • Стойкость (Resilience; used for the personal quality, with a slight nuance of physical endurance)
• Antonyms:
  • Эмоциональность (Emotionality; contrasts with the suppression of emotions)
  • Слабость (Weakness; highlights the opposite of endurance)

Related Phrases:

• Дух стоицизма - The spirit of stoicism; used in motivational contexts to describe a mindset of resilience.
• Принципы стоицизма - Principles of stoicism; common in philosophical discussions or self-help books.
• Стоицизм в повседневной жизни - Stoicism in everyday life; refers to applying the philosophy practically.

Usage Notes:

"Стоицизм" directly corresponds to the English "stoicism" in its philosophical sense but is less versatile in everyday Russian speech. It is typically formal and intellectual, so avoid using it in casual conversations. When choosing between translations, opt for "стоицизм" for historical or philosophical contexts, and "стойкость" for personal endurance if a more native Russian word is needed. Grammatically, it functions as a masculine noun, so ensure agreement in gender, number, and case (e.g., "в стоицизме" for "in stoicism"). Be mindful of cultural connotations, as it often implies emotional restraint, which may not always align with Western interpretations.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "стоицизм" with "стойкость": Learners might overuse "стоицизм" in personal contexts where "стойкость" is more appropriate. For example, incorrect: "Он показал стоицизм в игре" (He showed stoicism in the game). Correct: "Он показал стойкость в игре" (He showed resilience in the game), as "стойкость" fits better for physical endurance.

• Mispronouncing the stress: English speakers often stress the first syllable, saying [ˈstoitsizm], but the correct Russian pronunciation is [stoˈitsizm]. This can lead to misunderstandings in spoken Russian.

• Incorrect declension: Forgetting to change the ending in genitive case, e.g., saying "стоицизм" instead of "стоицизма" in phrases like "книга о стоицизм" (book about stoicism). Correct: "книга о стоицизме".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "стоицизм" is often linked to historical influences from ancient Greek philosophy, as well as Soviet-era resilience narratives. It embodies the idea of enduring hardship without complaint, which resonates with Russia's literary traditions (e.g., in works by Tolstoy or Dostoevsky). However, it can carry a connotation of emotional suppression, sometimes criticized in modern psychology as unhealthy compared to Western therapeutic approaches.

Related Concepts:

• Эпикюризм (Epicureanism)
• Нигилизм (Nihilism)
• Стойкость (Resilience)