Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'stocking'

English Word: stocking

Key Russian Translations:

• чулок /ˈtʃʊlək/ - [Informal, Singular; used in everyday clothing or fashion contexts]
• чулки /ˈtʃʊlkʲi/ - [Informal, Plural; for multiple items, such as in a set or general reference]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in fashion, retail, or holiday contexts, but not as ubiquitous as everyday words like "дом" for house)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of basic noun declensions and vocabulary related to clothing, as per CEFR standards)

Pronunciation (Russian):

чулок: /ˈtʃʊlək/ (stress on the first syllable; the "ч" is a voiceless palatal fricative, similar to the "ch" in "loch")

чулки: /ˈtʃʊlkʲi/ (note the palatalized "кʲ" sound, which softens the ending)

Note on чулок: Pronunciation can vary slightly by region; in standard Russian, ensure the "у" is pronounced as a short "u" sound. For beginners, practice the "ч" sound to avoid confusing it with "sh" in English.

Audio: Listen to pronunciation (or embed a player if available)

Meanings and Usage:

1. A close-fitting covering for the foot and lower leg, typically knitted (e.g., hosiery).

Translation(s) & Context:

• чулок - Used in casual or fashion contexts, such as describing women's clothing items.
• чулки - Applied when referring to multiple stockings, often in retail or daily wear scenarios.

Usage Examples:

• Она надела новые чулки перед выходом на вечеринку.

  She put on new stockings before going out to the party. (Demonstrates use in a personal grooming context.)

• В магазине был большой выбор чулков разных цветов.

  The store had a large selection of stockings in different colors. (Shows plural form in a shopping scenario.)

• Эти чулки сделаны из шелка и очень удобные.

  These stockings are made of silk and very comfortable. (Illustrates descriptive usage with adjectives.)

• Во время праздника дети вешают чулки у камина.

  During the holiday, children hang stockings by the fireplace. (Contextualizes a cultural or festive use, adapting to Christmas traditions.)

2. In a broader sense, stocking as in supplying or inventory (e.g., stocking a store).

Translation(s) & Context:

• заполнение запасов - Used in business or retail contexts, less direct but common for this meaning.
• чулок (metaphorically, but rare) - Informal, if linking back to storage like a "stocking" container.

Usage Examples:

• Магазин регулярно занимается заполнением запасов товаров.

  The store regularly engages in stocking goods. (Demonstrates business usage with a more precise translation.)

• Мы должны запастись продуктами, как в чулке.

  We should stock up on products, like in a stocking. (Shows idiomatic or metaphorical extension, though less common.)

• Завод отвечает за заполнение запасов рыб в озере.

  The factory is responsible for stocking fish in the lake. (Applies to environmental or biological contexts.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"чулок" is a masculine noun in the second declension, which undergoes regular inflection based on case and number. It is a common type of Russian noun with predictable changes. Below is a table for its declensions:

For "заполнение запасов" (a phrase), it includes a neuter noun "заполнение" which follows standard patterns, but as a compound, it doesn't inflect irregularly. If unused in isolation, note its invariance in fixed phrases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: колготки (tights; similar but covers more of the leg), носки (socks; for shorter versions), чулочно-носочные изделия (hosiery items; more formal and general)
• Antonyms: босоножки (sandals; implying barefoot or open footwear, with a contrast in coverage)

Related Phrases:

• шелковые чулки - Silk stockings; a luxurious or high-end clothing item, often associated with elegance in fashion.
• елочный чулок - Christmas stocking; used in holiday traditions for holding gifts, reflecting cultural customs.
• заполнение складских запасов - Stocking warehouse inventory; common in business contexts for supply chain management.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "чулок" directly corresponds to the English "stocking" in clothing contexts but is more commonly used for women's hosiery. Be mindful of gender and number: use singular for one item and plural for sets. It's neutral in formality but leans informal in daily speech. For business meanings, opt for phrases like "заполнение запасов" to avoid confusion. When choosing between translations, select based on context—e.g., fashion vs. inventory—to ensure accurate communication. Grammatically, always decline the noun according to its case in a sentence for proper agreement.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "чулок" interchangeably with "колготки" without considering length differences. For example, an English learner might say "Я ношу чулок" when meaning tights, leading to misunderstanding.

  Correct: Use "колготки" for full-leg coverage. Example: Incorrect: "Я ношу чулок весь день" (implying short stockings); Correct: "Я ношу колготки весь день" for tights. Explanation: "Чулок" specifically denotes knee-length or shorter, so context is key to avoid imprecision.

• Error: Forgetting to decline the noun, e.g., saying "в чулок" instead of "в чулке" in prepositional case. Explanation: This is a common rookie mistake for intermediate learners; always check case endings as per Russian grammar rules.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "чулки" (stockings) often carry connotations of femininity and elegance, frequently appearing in literature and media as symbols of beauty or formality, such as in classic Russian novels. During holidays like New Year's, they might be used in a manner similar to Western Christmas traditions, emphasizing family and gift-giving, which highlights cross-cultural parallels in festive customs.

Related Concepts:

• колготки
• носки
• одежда
• запас