Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'stipple'

English Word: stipple

Key Russian Translations:

• штриховать [ʂtrʲɪˈxovətʲ] - [Verb, Formal, Used in artistic or technical contexts]
• пунктировать [pʊŋktʲɪˈrʊvətʲ] - [Verb, Informal, Often used in graphic design or engraving]

Frequency: Low (This term is specialized in art and design, appearing infrequently in everyday conversation but more commonly in professional contexts.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian verb conjugations and artistic vocabulary. For 'штриховать', it's B2; for 'пунктировать', it's also B2 due to similar grammatical structures.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

штриховать: [ʂtrʲɪˈxovətʲ]

пунктировать: [pʊŋktʲɪˈrʊvətʲ]

Note on штриховать: The initial 'ш' sound is a voiceless postalveolar fricative, similar to 'sh' in English 'she', but with a softer, more palatalized quality in Russian. Be cautious with the stressed syllable ('хо') for accurate emphasis.

Note on пунктировать: The 'п' is unaspirated, and the word ends with a soft consonant, which may vary slightly in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To draw or paint with small dots or points (Primary meaning as a verb).

Translation(s) & Context:

• штриховать - Used in formal artistic descriptions, such as in painting or etching techniques.
• пунктировать - Applied in informal or technical contexts, like graphic design or digital art.

Usage Examples:

• Художник штриховал холст мелкими точками, чтобы создать эффект текстуры.

  The artist stippled the canvas with small dots to create a texture effect.

• В гравировке пунктировать металл помогает достичь детализированных узоров.

  In engraving, stippling the metal helps achieve detailed patterns.

• Она училась штриховать в академии, используя только карандаш и терпение.

  She learned to stipple in the academy, using only a pencil and patience.

• Дизайнер решил пунктировать логотип для добавления глубины без лишних линий.

  The designer decided to stipple the logo to add depth without extra lines.

• При реставрации картины мастера штриховали поврежденные области точечным методом.

  During the painting's restoration, the masters stippled the damaged areas using a dot technique.

To refer to the technique or result of dot-based shading (As a noun, though less common).

Translation(s) & Context:

• штриховка [ʂtrʲɪˈxofkə] - Used in contexts involving visual arts or printing.

Usage Examples:

• Техника штриховки позволяет передавать свет и тень без сплошных линий.

  The stipple technique allows for conveying light and shadow without solid lines.

• В этой иллюстрации штриховка придает объём фону.

  In this illustration, the stipple adds volume to the background.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are verbs, so they follow Russian verb conjugation patterns. 'Штриховать' and 'пунктировать' are imperfective verbs, meaning they describe ongoing or repeated actions. They conjugate based on tense, aspect, person, and number. Below is a conjugation table for 'штриховать' in the present tense as an example; 'пунктировать' follows a similar pattern with minor phonetic variations.

For 'пунктировать', the present tense includes forms like: я пунктирую (ya punktiryuyu). These verbs do not have irregular inflections but follow standard first-conjugation patterns. Nouns like 'штриховка' (feminine noun) inflect for case and number, e.g., Nominative: штриховка; Genitive: штриховки.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • пунктировать (Similar to 'штриховать' but often implies more precise dotting; used in technical fields)
  • точечный рисунок (Literal translation, emphasizing the dot-based drawing style)
• Antonyms:
  • сплошная линия (Implies solid lines, contrasting with dotted techniques)
  • заполнять (To fill in solidly, without dots)

Related Phrases:

• Точечная штриховка – A dot stipple technique used in art to create shading.
• Штриховать вручную – To stipple by hand, often in traditional drawing.
• Пунктирная линия – A dashed or dotted line, related to stippling in design.

Usage Notes:

'Штриховать' directly corresponds to the English 'to stipple' in artistic contexts, but it's more commonly used in formal or professional settings like painting and engraving. Choose 'пунктировать' for informal or digital applications. Be mindful of aspect in Russian: use the imperfective form for ongoing actions. For example, pair it with adverbs like 'мелкими точками' (with small dots) to specify technique. If the context involves tools, add details like 'карандашом' (with a pencil) for clarity.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing 'штриховать' with 'штрих' (a noun meaning 'stroke'), leading to misuse as a noun. Correct: Use 'штриховать' only as a verb; for the noun form, say 'техника штриховки'.

• Error: Incorrect conjugation, e.g., saying 'я штриховал' (incorrect for present tense). Correct: Use 'я штрихую' for present; explanation: Russian verbs require precise tense agreement, unlike English's flexible verb forms.

• Error: Overusing in non-artistic contexts. Correct: Reserve for visual arts; in everyday speech, alternatives like 'рисовать' might be more appropriate to avoid sounding overly technical.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, stippling techniques like 'штриховать' are prominent in folk art and historical engravings, such as those in 19th-century iconography or Soviet-era illustrations. This method reflects a meticulous approach to detail, often symbolizing patience and precision in creative traditions, which aligns with Russia's emphasis on craftsmanship in visual arts.

Related Concepts:

• точечная графика
• гравюра
• акварельная техника