Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'segregation'

English Word: segregation

Key Russian Translations:

• сегрегация (/sʲɪɡrʲɪˈɡatsɨə/) - [Formal, Used in social, legal, or academic contexts]
• разделение (/rɐz.dʲɪˈlʲenʲɪje/) - [Informal or General, Plural forms possible, Often used for broader separation concepts]

Frequency: Medium - The term is commonly encountered in discussions of social issues, history, and politics, but not in everyday casual conversation.

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) - Requires understanding of social concepts and borrowed words; for "сегрегация," it's straightforward for intermediate learners, while "разделение" may vary slightly in nuance.

Pronunciation (Russian):

сегрегация: /sʲɪɡrʲɪˈɡatsɨə/ - Stress on the fourth syllable; the "г" is pronounced as a soft "g" sound.

Note on сегрегация: Be cautious with the soft consonants (e.g., "г" as /ɡ/ with palatalization); common in formal speech. Variations may occur in regional dialects.

Audio: []

разделение: /rɐz.dʲɪˈlʲenʲɪje/ - Stress on the third syllable; the "дʲ" is a soft "d" sound.

Note on разделение: This word has a more fluid pronunciation in fast speech, potentially softening the "з" sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: The act of separating people or groups based on characteristics like race, class, or gender.

Translation(s) & Context:

• сегрегация - Used in formal contexts such as legal documents or academic discussions about social inequality.
• разделение - Applied in everyday contexts for general separation, but can imply segregation when specifying social groups.

Usage Examples:

• В США в XX веке существовала расово-сегрегационная политика, которая разделяла людей по цвету кожи.

  In the 20th century in the USA, there was a racial segregation policy that separated people by skin color.

• Сегрегация в школах может привести к социальным проблемам и неравенству.

  Segregation in schools can lead to social problems and inequality.

• Разделение по полу в общественном транспорте иногда используется как форма сегрегации в некоторых странах.

  Separation by gender in public transport is sometimes used as a form of segregation in some countries.

• Правительство борется с сегрегацией в жилье, чтобы обеспечить равные возможности для всех.

  The government is fighting segregation in housing to ensure equal opportunities for everyone.

• В некоторых регионах России наблюдается разделение этнических групп, что напоминает историческую сегрегацию.

  In some regions of Russia, there is a separation of ethnic groups, which resembles historical segregation.

Secondary Meaning: The process of isolating or setting apart in a non-social context, e.g., in biology or materials.

Translation(s) & Context:

• сегрегация - Less common, used in scientific contexts like biology (e.g., chromosome segregation).
• разделение - More general, for physical or material separation.

Usage Examples:

• Сегрегация хромосом происходит во время клеточного деления.

  Chromosome segregation occurs during cell division.

• Разделение материалов по плотности является формой сегрегации в промышленности.

  Separation of materials by density is a form of segregation in industry.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"сегрегация" is a feminine noun (3rd declension). It follows standard Russian noun inflections with some irregularities due to its borrowed nature.

"разделение" is a neuter noun and follows regular patterns:

Both words do not change in gender but inflect for case and number as shown.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • изоляция (izolyatsiya) - More emphasis on complete isolation.
  • отделение (otdeleniye) - General separation, often physical.
• Antonyms:
  • интеграция (integratsiya) - Complete mixing or inclusion of groups.
  • объединение (ob"yedineniye) - Unification or combining.

Related Phrases:

• расовой сегрегации - Racial segregation; used in historical or social justice contexts.
• социальное разделение - Social division; refers to class-based separation in society.
• сегрегация по полу - Gender segregation; common in discussions of equality.

Usage Notes:

"Сегрегация" directly mirrors the English term and is best used in formal or academic settings, especially when discussing systemic inequality. "Разделение" is more versatile for everyday use but may not carry the same connotation of discrimination. English speakers should note that Russian often requires specifying the context (e.g., "расовой сегрегации" for racial segregation). Choose "сегрегация" for precise translations and "разделение" for broader applications. Always consider the grammatical case based on sentence structure.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "сегрегация" interchangeably with "разделение" without context, leading to vagueness. Correct: Specify the type, e.g., "расовой сегрегации" instead of just "разделение". Example of error: "Это разделение людей" (This separation of people) when meaning systemic segregation; Correct: "Это сегрегация людей". Explanation: "Сегрегация" implies intentional, often discriminatory separation, while "разделение" is neutral.

• Error: Incorrect inflection, e.g., using nominative in all cases. Correct: In genitive, say "сегрегации" instead of "сегрегация". Explanation: Russian nouns must agree in case, which English learners often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, "сегрегация" is often discussed in the context of Soviet history, where ethnic segregation was a concern in certain regions, or in modern debates about migrant integration. It carries connotations of Western social issues, like the U.S. civil rights movement, and is less commonly applied to domestic scenarios unless addressing minority rights.

Related Concepts:

• дискриминация (discrimination)
• интеграция (integration)
• равенство (equality)