Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'screening'

English Word: screening

Key Russian Translations:

• скрининг [skriˈnʲing] - [Technical/Medical]
• просмотр [prɐˈsmoʊr] - [Informal, for events like film showings]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in medical and professional contexts, but less frequent in everyday conversation).

Difficulty: B2 for скрининг (as it is a borrowed word and requires understanding of specialized vocabulary); A2 for просмотр (basic noun usage, suitable for intermediate learners).

Pronunciation (Russian):

скрининг: [skriˈnʲing]

просмотр: [prɐˈsmoʊr]

Note on скрининг: The stress is on the second syllable; be mindful of the soft 'н' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers due to its palatalization.

Note on просмотр: Pronounce the 'о' as a mid-back rounded vowel; it has a rolling 'р' that may vary in speed based on regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Medical or health-related examination to detect diseases or risks early.

Translation(s) & Context:

• скрининг - Used in formal medical contexts, such as routine health checks.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи рекомендуют ежегодный скрининг на рак груди для женщин старше 40 лет.

  Doctors recommend an annual breast cancer screening for women over 40 years old.

• Скрининг на COVID-19 стал обязательным для всех входящих в страну.

  COVID-19 screening has become mandatory for everyone entering the country.

• Этот скрининг включает анализ крови и УЗИ.

  This screening includes blood tests and an ultrasound.

• Регулярный скрининг помогает предотвратить серьезные заболевания.

  Regular screening helps prevent serious illnesses.

Meaning 2: The process of showing a film, video, or event to an audience.

Translation(s) & Context:

• просмотр - Used in informal or cultural contexts, such as film festivals or home viewings.

Usage Examples:

• Просмотр фильма состоится в 8 вечера в кинотеатре.

  The film screening will take place at 8 PM in the cinema.

• Мы организовали просмотр документального фильма о природе.

  We organized a screening of a documentary film about nature.

• Просмотр новинок кино всегда собирает полные залы.

  Screenings of new films always fill the theaters.

• Онлайн-просмотр доступен для подписчиков платформы.

  Online screening is available for platform subscribers.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both translations are nouns, but they follow different inflection patterns in Russian. Скрининг is a borrowed word and often remains invariable in many contexts, while просмотр follows standard Russian noun declension.

For скрининг (typically invariable as a foreign borrowing):

• It does not change in most cases but can be used in plural as скрининги in informal contexts.

For просмотр (first declension noun):

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for скрининг: обследование (examination), диагностика (diagnosis) - обследование is more general and can be used in non-medical contexts.
• Synonyms for просмотр: показ (showing), демонстрация (demonstration) - показ is often used for public events.
• Antonyms: For скрининг: игнорирование (ignoring); For просмотр: отмена (cancellation).

Related Phrases:

• Медицинский скрининг - Medical screening; commonly used in health campaigns.
• Публичный просмотр - Public screening; refers to open events like film premieres.
• Скрининг на генетические заболевания - Screening for genetic diseases; a phrase in genetic counseling.

Usage Notes:

Скрининг directly corresponds to the English "screening" in medical contexts and is a loanword, making it straightforward for learners. However, in everyday Russian, use просмотр for cultural or entertainment events to sound more natural. Be aware of context: скрининг is formal and technical, while просмотр can be informal. Grammatically, both nouns require appropriate case agreement with prepositions (e.g., на скрининг for "for screening"). When choosing between translations, opt for скрининг in professional settings and просмотр in casual ones.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using скрининг in non-medical contexts, e.g., saying "скрининг фильма" instead of "просмотр фильма".
  Correct: просмотр фильма. Explanation: Скрининг implies a systematic check, not just viewing, which can confuse the meaning.
• Error: Incorrectly inflecting скрининг, e.g., using скрининга as a plural form incorrectly.
  Correct: Use скрининги for plural if needed, but it's often left unchanged. Explanation: As a borrowed word, it doesn't always follow full Russian declension, leading to overuse of the base form.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, скрининг has gained prominence due to public health initiatives, especially post-Soviet healthcare reforms, emphasizing preventive medicine. Просмотр, on the other hand, ties into Russia's rich cinematic tradition, with events like the Moscow International Film Festival highlighting its social importance.

Related Concepts:

• диагностика
• показ
• обследование