Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'save'

English Word: save

Key Russian Translations:

• сохранить [səxɐˈrʲɪnʲɪtʲ] - [Formal, used for saving data or preserving something]
• спасти [ˈspastʲɪ] - [Informal, used in contexts of rescue or salvation]
• экономить [jɪkɐˈnomʲɪtʲ] - [Neutral, related to saving money or resources]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday contexts like technology, emergencies, and finance, but not as ubiquitous as basic verbs).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate for сохранить and экономить; B2 for спасти, as it involves nuanced contexts; based on CEFR standards for English speakers learning Russian).

Pronunciation (Russian):

сохранить: [səxɐˈrʲɪnʲɪtʲ]

Note on сохранить: The stress is on the third syllable; be careful with the soft 'р' sound, which can be challenging for non-native speakers. Variations in casual speech may soften the consonants.

спасти: [ˈspastʲɪ]

Note on спасти: Stress on the first syllable; the 'т' is palatalized, making it sound like 'tʲ'. Regional accents might alter vowel length.

экономить: [jɪkɐˈnomʲɪtʲ]

Note on экономить: Stress on the third syllable; the initial 'й' is a soft 'y' sound, common in loanwords from English.

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Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To preserve or save data/files (e.g., in computing or storage)

Translation(s) & Context:

• сохранить - Used in formal or technical contexts, such as saving a document.
• записать - Informal alternative, when emphasizing recording or storing information.

Usage Examples:

• Пожалуйста, сохраните файл перед закрытием программы. (Please save the file before closing the program.)

  Translation: Please save the file before closing the program. (This shows the verb in an imperative form for instructions.)

• Я всегда сохраняю важные документы на внешнем диске. (I always save important documents on an external drive.)

  Translation: I always save important documents on an external drive. (Illustrates habitual action in present tense.)

• Не забудьте сохранить изменения в настройках. (Don't forget to save the changes in the settings.)

  Translation: Don't forget to save the changes in the settings. (Demonstrates polite reminder in everyday tech use.)

• Система автоматически сохраняет данные каждые 5 минут. (The system automatically saves data every 5 minutes.)

  Translation: The system automatically saves data every 5 minutes. (Shows passive or automated context.)

Meaning 2: To rescue or save from danger

Translation(s) & Context:

• спасти - Used in urgent, life-saving situations, often informal or dramatic.
• избавить - More formal, implying deliverance from a problem.

Usage Examples:

• Пожарные спасли людей из горящего здания. (The firefighters saved people from the burning building.)

  Translation: The firefighters saved people from the burning building. (Depicts a real-life emergency scenario.)

• Ему удалось спасти ребенка из реки. (He managed to save the child from the river.)

  Translation: He managed to save the child from the river. (Illustrates personal heroism in past tense.)

• Врач спас жизнь пациенту своевременной операцией. (The doctor saved the patient's life with a timely operation.)

  Translation: The doctor saved the patient's life with a timely operation. (Shows medical context with instrumental case.)

• Друзья спасли меня от неприятной ситуации. (Friends saved me from an unpleasant situation.)

  Translation: Friends saved me from an unpleasant situation. (Demonstrates interpersonal support.)

Meaning 3: To conserve or save resources/money

Translation(s) & Context:

• экономить - Common in financial or environmental contexts, neutral tone.
• сберечь - Formal, emphasizing careful preservation.

Usage Examples:

• Мы стараемся экономить воду в доме. (We try to save water at home.)

  Translation: We try to save water at home. (Focuses on environmental conservation.)

• Она экономит деньги, чтобы купить новую машину. (She saves money to buy a new car.)

  Translation: She saves money to buy a new car. (Illustrates financial planning.)

• Экономьте энергию, выключая свет. (Save energy by turning off the lights.)

  Translation: Save energy by turning off the lights. (Imperative for advice.)

• Семья научилась экономить на продуктах. (The family learned to save on groceries.)

  Translation: The family learned to save on groceries. (Shows learning process.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

These translations are primarily verbs, which in Russian undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number. Below is a table for key inflections. Note that Russian verbs have imperfective and perfective aspects; for example, сохранять (imperfective) vs. сохранить (perfective).

Verb	Aspect	Present Tense (e.g., I, you, he)	Past Tense	Future Tense
сохранить (perfective)	Perfective	N/A (not used in present)	сохранил/сохранила (I saved)	сохраню (I will save)
сохранять (imperfective)	Imperfective	сохраняю, сохраняешь, сохраняет	сохранял/сохраняла	буду сохранять
спасти (perfective)	Perfective	N/A	спас, спасла	спасу
экономить (imperfective)	Imperfective	экономлю, экономишь, экономит	экономил/экономила	буду экономить

These verbs are regular in most forms, but pay attention to stem changes and gender agreement in past tense.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for сохранить: запомнить (to remember), защитить (to protect) - запомнить is more for mental saving, while защитить implies shielding.
• Synonyms for спасти: вызволить (to rescue), избавить (to deliver)
• Synonyms for экономить: тратить экономно (to spend thriftily), беречь (to conserve)
• Antonyms: потратить (to spend, antonym of экономить), потерять (to lose, antonym of сохранить)

Related Phrases:

• Сохранить файл - Save the file (Common in computing contexts, refers to data preservation).
• Спаси меня! - Save me! (Used in dramatic or emergency situations, informal plea).
• Экономить на всем - To save on everything (Implies frugal living, often in financial hardship).

Usage Notes:

The English word "save" corresponds closely to Russian verbs like сохранить for digital contexts, спасти for physical rescue, and экономить for resources. Choose the translation based on context: formal vs. informal. For example, спасти is more emotional and less formal than its synonyms. Grammatically, Russian verbs require aspect agreement; use imperfective for ongoing actions and perfective for completed ones. English speakers often overlook case endings, so ensure objects match the verb's requirements (e.g., accusative case for direct objects).

Common Errors:

• Error: Using сохранить in emergency contexts (e.g., saying "сохранить жизнь" instead of "спасти жизнь"). Correct: спасти жизнь. Explanation: Сохранить implies preservation, not immediate rescue, leading to semantic mismatch.
• Error: Forgetting aspect (e.g., using экономить for a one-time action). Correct: Use the perfective form like сэкономить for a completed save. Explanation: Russian requires precise aspect to convey action completion, which English speakers might overlook.
• Error: Mispronouncing stressed syllables (e.g., stressing the wrong part in сохранить). Correct Pronunciation: [səxɐˈrʲɪnʲɪtʲ]. Explanation: This can change the word's meaning or make it incomprehensible in fast speech.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like спасти often carry a heroic connotation, influenced by historical events such as World War II rescues, emphasizing collective survival. Экономить reflects the cultural value of resourcefulness due to economic hardships in Russian history, like during the Soviet era, where frugality was a necessity rather than a choice.

Related Concepts:

• защитить (to protect)
• сберечь (to preserve)
• тратить (to spend)