Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'robust'

English Word: robust

Key Russian Translations:

• Крепкий [ˈkrʲepkʲɪj] - [Informal, used for physical strength or sturdiness]
• Надежный [nɐˈdʲeʐnɨj] - [Formal, used for reliability in systems or contexts]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday language and technical contexts, but not as ubiquitous as basic adjectives)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of adjective forms and contextual nuances, suitable for learners with basic Russian grammar knowledge)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Крепкий: [ˈkrʲepkʲɪj]

Note on Крепкий: The stress is on the first syllable; the 'к' is palatalized, which can be challenging for English speakers. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Надежный: [nɐˈdʲeʐnɨj]

Note on Надежный: The 'ж' sound is a soft fricative; ensure to soften the 'д' before it for accurate pronunciation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Physically strong, healthy, or sturdy

Translation(s) & Context:

• Крепкий - Often used in informal contexts to describe people, objects, or health that are resilient and enduring, such as in physical descriptions.

Usage Examples:

• Этот мост крепкий и выдержит любую бурю. (This bridge is robust and can withstand any storm.)

  This bridge is robust and can withstand any storm.

• Она всегда была крепкой женщиной, несмотря на трудности. (She has always been a robust woman, despite the hardships.)

  She has always been a robust woman, despite the hardships.

• Крепкий чай помогает мне проснуться утром. (Robust tea helps me wake up in the morning.)

  Robust tea helps me wake up in the morning.

• В горах люди становятся крепкими от ежедневных прогулок. (In the mountains, people become robust from daily walks.)

  In the mountains, people become robust from daily walks.

Meaning 2: Reliable, strong, or durable in a non-physical sense (e.g., systems or ideas)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Надежный - Used in formal or technical contexts to describe something dependable, like software or relationships.

Usage Examples:

• Эта система надежная и не сбоит во время пиковой нагрузки. (This system is robust and doesn't fail during peak loads.)

  This system is robust and doesn't fail during peak loads.

• Надежный друг всегда поддержит в трудную минуту. (A robust friend will always support you in tough times.)

  A robust friend will always support you in tough times.

• В бизнесе нужен надежный план, чтобы преодолеть кризис. (In business, you need a robust plan to overcome a crisis.)

  In business, you need a robust plan to overcome a crisis.

• Надежный пароль защищает данные от хакеров. (A robust password protects data from hackers.)

  A robust password protects data from hackers.

• Эта машина надежная, но требует регулярного обслуживания. (This machine is robust, but it requires regular maintenance.)

  This machine is robust, but it requires regular maintenance.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "Крепкий" and "Надежный" are adjectives, which inflect according to gender, number, and case in Russian. Adjectives agree with the nouns they modify and follow standard patterns for first-declension adjectives.

Note: These adjectives follow regular patterns without irregularities, making them straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: Сильный (strong, with a focus on power) - Often used interchangeably but implies more force than endurance. Здоровый (healthy) - Best for health-related contexts.
• Antonyms: Слабый (weak) - Directly opposite in physical or reliability contexts.

Related Phrases:

• Крепкое здоровье (robust health) - Refers to strong physical well-being, often used in health discussions.
• Надежный партнер (robust partner) - Means a reliable business or personal ally, common in professional settings.
• Крепкий орешек (a tough nut to crack) - An idiom for something or someone robust and difficult to handle.

Usage Notes:

"Robust" translates variably in Russian depending on context: use "Крепкий" for physical or tangible strength, and "Надежный" for abstract reliability. Be mindful of formality— "Надежный" is more suitable in professional or written language, while "Крепкий" fits casual speech. Adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they describe, which is a key grammatical feature in Russian. When choosing between translations, consider the nuance: "Крепкий" emphasizes endurance, whereas "Надежный" highlights dependability.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "Крепкий" in a technical context where "Надежный" is more appropriate, e.g., saying "Крепкий компьютер" instead of "Надежный компьютер" for a reliable computer. Correct: "Надежный компьютер" means a robust system that won't fail, while "Крепкий" might imply physical durability only. Explanation: This confusion arises from overgeneralizing English meanings; always match the context to select the right word.

• Error: Forgetting adjective agreement, e.g., saying "Крепкий женщина" (incorrect) instead of "Крепкая женщина". Correct: Ensure the adjective ends with the appropriate suffix based on the noun's gender. Explanation: Russian requires strict agreement, unlike English, so learners must practice declension rules.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "Крепкий" often evoke ideas of resilience and endurance, reflecting historical values of strength in the face of adversity, such as during wartime or harsh winters. For instance, "Крепкое здоровье" is a common well-wish, emphasizing the cultural importance of physical robustness in everyday life.

Related Concepts:

• Здоровье (health)
• Сила (strength)
• Устойчивость (durability)