Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'restitution'

English Word: restitution

Key Russian Translations:

• Возмещение /vɐzmʲɪˈʂːenʲjɛ/ - [Formal, Legal]
• Реституция /rʲɪstʲɪˈtuʦɨjə/ - [Formal, Legal, Technical]
• Восстановление /vɐsstaˈnovlʲenʲjɛ/ - [Formal]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in legal, financial, and historical contexts, but not in everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate) - Requires understanding of legal terminology; for "Возмещение" and "Реституция", it may approach C1 for nuanced legal applications

Pronunciation (Russian):

Возмещение: /vɐzmʲɪˈʂːenʲjɛ/ (Note on Возмещение: The 'щ' sound is a soft, hissing fricative; stress on the third syllable, common in formal speech.)

Реституция: /rʲɪstʲɪˈtuʦɨjə/ (Note on Реституция: Pronounced with a palatalized 'р' at the start; the ending 'ия' is soft, typical of borrowed words.)

Восстановление: /vɐsstaˈnovlʲenʲjɛ/ (Note on Восстановление: The double 'с' creates a prolonged 's' sound; stress on the third syllable, with variations in rapid speech.)

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Legal compensation or repayment

Translation(s) & Context:

• Возмещение - Used in legal contexts for financial restitution, such as compensating for damages in court.
• Реституция - Applied in international law or formal agreements for restoring property or rights, often in historical or diplomatic scenarios.

Usage Examples:

• Суд вынес решение о возмещении ущерба потерпевшему. (The court issued a ruling on restitution of damages to the victim.)

  The court issued a ruling on restitution of damages to the victim.

• В контракте предусмотрено возмещение в случае невыполнения обязательств. (The contract provides for restitution in the event of non-fulfillment of obligations.)

  The contract provides for restitution in the event of non-fulfillment of obligations.

• Реституция имущества была ключевым пунктом мирного договора. (Restitution of property was a key point in the peace treaty.)

  Restitution of property was a key point in the peace treaty.

• После расследования было организовано возмещение средств инвесторам. (Following the investigation, restitution of funds to investors was organized.)

  Following the investigation, restitution of funds to investors was organized.

Restoration to a former state

Translation(s) & Context:

• Восстановление - Used in broader contexts for restoring something to its original condition, such as in historical preservation or personal recovery.

Usage Examples:

• Восстановление исторических зданий помогает сохранить культурное наследие. (Restitution of historical buildings helps preserve cultural heritage.)

  Restitution of historical buildings helps preserve cultural heritage.

• После аварии было проведено восстановление нормальной работы системы. (Restitution of the system's normal operation was carried out after the accident.)

  Restitution of the system's normal operation was carried out after the accident.

• Восстановление справедливости в обществе требует коллективных усилий. (Restitution of justice in society requires collective efforts.)

  Restitution of justice in society requires collective efforts.

• Процесс восстановления доверия занимает много времени. (Restitution of trust takes a lot of time.)

  Restitution of trust takes a lot of time.

• Восстановление окружающей среды после загрязнения является приоритетом. (Restitution of the environment after pollution is a priority.)

  Restitution of the environment after pollution is a priority.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

These translations are primarily nouns. Russian nouns inflect for case, number, and gender. Below are the inflections for each key translation:

For Возмещение (neuter noun, 2nd declension):

For Реституция (feminine noun, 1st declension, often indeclinable as a borrowed word):

This word is typically indeclinable in modern Russian, remaining as "Реституция" in most cases, but can follow standard feminine patterns in formal contexts.

For Восстановление (neuter noun, 2nd declension):

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Компенсация (similar to возмещение, but often used for general compensation; more neutral in everyday contexts)
  • Репарация (synonymous with реституция in international law, implying war reparations)
  • Вознаграждение (overlaps with возмещение, but emphasizes reward or payment)
• Antonyms:
  • Лишение (deprivation or loss)
  • Ущерб (damage or harm)

Related Phrases:

• Возмещение ущерба - Refers to restitution of damages in legal claims.
• Реституция имущества - Means restitution of property, often in historical or post-conflict contexts.
• Восстановление статуса quo - Indicates restitution to the original state, a common legal phrase.
• Полное возмещение потерь - Full restitution of losses, used in insurance or financial discussions.

Usage Notes:

"Restitution" in English often corresponds to "возмещение" in Russian for financial or legal compensation, but choose "реституция" for precise international law contexts to maintain formality. "Восстановление" is better for non-legal restoration scenarios. Be mindful of grammatical gender and case in sentences; for example, use genitive case after prepositions like "о" (about). In formal writing, these terms are preferred over colloquial alternatives to ensure accuracy.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "возмещение" with "компенсация": Learners might use them interchangeably, but "возмещение" implies a direct return or repayment, while "компенсация" can be more general. Error: "Я получил компенсацию за ущерб" (when "возмещение" is more appropriate). Correct: "Я получил возмещение за ущерб." Explanation: Use "возмещение" for legal restitution to match the exact context.
• Overusing "реституция" in everyday speech: This term is too formal for casual use; it might sound awkward. Error: Saying "реституция телефона" for returning a phone. Correct: Use "возврат" instead. Explanation: Reserve "реституция" for legal or historical contexts to avoid sounding overly technical.
• Ignoring noun declensions: Forgetting to decline nouns in sentences, e.g., "о возмещение" instead of "о возмещении". Error: "Разговор о возмещение." Correct: "Разговор о возмещении." Explanation: Always adjust for the prepositional case in Russian to ensure grammatical accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, concepts like "реституция" often relate to historical events, such as post-Soviet property restitution after the fall of the USSR, reflecting themes of justice and historical redress. This can carry emotional weight, symbolizing the restoration of rights lost during eras of turmoil, which differs from more straightforward legal applications in English-speaking contexts.

Related Concepts:

• Компенсация
• Репарация
• Вознаграждение
• Ущерб