Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'resinous'

English Word: resinous

Key Russian Translations:

• смоляной [ˈsmɐlʲɪnəj] - [Adjective, used in descriptive contexts for materials or substances]

Frequency: Low (This word and its translations are not commonly used in everyday Russian conversation but may appear in scientific, botanical, or descriptive texts.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; learners at this level should be familiar with adjective forms and basic vocabulary related to materials, though the specific context of resins requires some specialized knowledge.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

смоляной: [ˈsmɐlʲɪnəj]

Note on смоляной: The stress is on the first syllable, and the 'лʲ' represents a palatalized 'l' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers. Pronounce it with a soft, flowing 'l' as in 'luxury'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to or resembling resin, often describing a sticky, viscous substance from plants.

Translation(s) & Context:

• смоляной - Used in formal or technical contexts, such as describing tree sap or chemical properties.

Usage Examples:

• Смоляной запах сосны наполнил воздух в лесу.

  The resinous scent of the pine filled the air in the forest.

• Эта смоляная субстанция используется в производстве лаков.

  This resinous substance is used in the production of varnishes.

• Лес был полон смоляных деревьев, которые выделяли клейкую жидкость.

  The forest was full of resinous trees that exuded a sticky liquid.

• Смоляной слой на коре защищает дерево от вредителей.

  The resinous layer on the bark protects the tree from pests.

• В старых рецептах упоминается смоляной экстракт для лекарств.

  Old recipes mention a resinous extract for medicines.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Смоляной is an adjective in Russian, which inflects based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives agree with the nouns they modify, following standard adjectival patterns. It is a regular adjective derived from the noun "смола" (resin), so it changes predictably.

Note: This table shows the standard inflections. The adjective does not have irregular forms, making it straightforward for learners once basic patterns are mastered.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • живичный [ʐɨˈvʲitɕnɨj] - Often used interchangeably for pine resin specifically; more common in forestry contexts.
  • смолистый [ˈsmɐlʲɪstɨj] - Emphasizes the sticky quality, suitable for everyday descriptions.
• Antonyms:
  • сухой [ˈsuxəj] - Meaning "dry," contrasting the moist, sticky nature.
  • неприлипчивый [nʲɪprʲɪˈlʲitɕɪvɨj] - Meaning "non-sticky," used in material science.

Related Phrases:

• Смоляной экстракт - A resinous extract; commonly used in natural remedies or cosmetics.
• Смоляные деревья - Resinous trees; refers to conifers like pines in ecological discussions.
• Смоляной аромат - Resinous aroma; describes scents in perfumes or essential oils.

Usage Notes:

Смоляной directly corresponds to "resinous" in English, particularly when describing substances with a resin-like quality. It is typically used in formal or technical contexts, such as botany, chemistry, or literature, rather than casual speech. Be mindful of adjective agreement in Russian sentences; always match the gender, number, and case of the noun it modifies. For example, if there are multiple translations, choose "смоляной" for general resin-related descriptions, but opt for "живичный" if the context specifically involves pine resin. Avoid overuse in spoken language, as it may sound overly academic.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using the noun "смола" (resin) instead of the adjective "смоляной" when describing qualities. For instance, learners might say "смола дерево" meaning "resin tree," which is incorrect because it should be "смоляное дерево" to properly modify the noun.

  Correct: Смоляное дерево (Resinous tree) - Explanation: "Смоляное" agrees with the neuter noun "дерево" in the nominative case.

• Error: Forgetting to inflect the adjective, e.g., saying "смоляной" in all cases. Example: Incorrectly using "смоляной" in the genitive case instead of "смоляного."

  Correct: В смоляного леса (In the resinous forest) - Explanation: The genitive form ensures proper agreement, making the sentence grammatically sound.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, resinous substances like pine sap (from "смоляные" trees) have historical significance in traditional medicine and folklore. For example, in rural areas, resin was used as a natural adhesive or in homemade remedies, symbolizing resourcefulness and connection to nature. This reflects broader themes in Russian literature, such as in works by authors like Tolstoy, where forests and their elements evoke a sense of enduring strength and the harsh beauty of the Russian landscape.

Related Concepts:

• смола (resin)
• сосна (pine)
• живица (pine resin extract)