Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'prosecution'

English Word: prosecution

Key Russian Translations:

• преследование [prʲɪɪsʲlʲedʲɪˈvanʲɪje] - [Formal, Legal context]
• прокуратура [prəkʊˈratʊrə] - [Formal, Institutional context]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal, judicial, or formal discussions, but not in everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires familiarity with legal terminology and Russian noun declensions, which may vary slightly between translations)

Pronunciation (Russian):

преследование: [prʲɪɪsʲlʲedʲɪˈvanʲɪje]

Note on преследование: The stress falls on the penultimate syllable; be cautious with the palatalized 'л' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. This word has potential for regional variations in speed.

прокуратура: [prəkʊˈratʊrə]

Note on прокуратура: Stress is on the third syllable; the 'р' is rolled, a common feature in Russian phonetics.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The act of prosecuting someone in a court of law.

Translation(s) & Context:

• преследование - Used in formal legal contexts to refer to the pursuit or legal action against an accused individual, often in criminal cases.

Usage Examples:

• Русский пример: Судебное преследование за экономические преступления может привести к длительному тюремному сроку.

  English translation: Prosecution for economic crimes can lead to a lengthy prison sentence.

• Русский пример: Власти начали преследование подозреваемого в коррупции после сбора доказательств.

  English translation: Authorities initiated prosecution of the suspect in corruption after gathering evidence.

• Русский пример: Преследование в гражданском суде часто требует привлечения адвоката.

  English translation: Prosecution in civil court often requires hiring a lawyer.

• Русский пример: Политическое преследование оппозиции вызвало международный резонанс.

  English translation: Political prosecution of the opposition sparked international outrage.

The prosecuting authority or party in a trial.

Translation(s) & Context:

• прокуратура - Refers to the prosecutor's office or the entity responsible for representing the state in legal proceedings, commonly in formal or official settings.

Usage Examples:

• Русский пример: Прокуратура представила убедительные доказательства в суде.

  English translation: The prosecution presented compelling evidence in court.

• Русский пример: В российском праве прокуратура играет ключевую роль в уголовном преследовании.

  English translation: In Russian law, the prosecution plays a key role in criminal prosecution.

• Русский пример: Прокуратура обвинила подсудимого в мошенничестве.

  English translation: The prosecution accused the defendant of fraud.

• Русский пример: Работа прокуратуры часто координируется с полицией.

  English translation: The work of the prosecution is often coordinated with the police.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For преследование (neuter noun): This word follows standard Russian neuter noun declension patterns, which are regular but require attention to cases. It does not change in the nominative singular but inflects based on grammatical case.

For прокуратура (feminine noun): This word is also regularly inflected as a feminine noun ending in -а. It changes based on case but remains straightforward.

Both words are invariant in gender and do not have irregular forms, making them relatively easy once basic declension rules are learned.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • обвинение (accusation; more focused on the charge itself, often used interchangeably in legal contexts)
  • погоня (pursuit; less formal, implying active chasing, with subtle differences in intensity)
• Antonyms:
  • защита (defense; refers to the opposing side in a trial)
  • освобождение (release; implies the opposite of pursuit or prosecution)

Related Phrases:

• уголовное преследование - Criminal prosecution; Used in contexts involving serious offenses under criminal law.
• прокуратура РФ - Prosecution of the Russian Federation; Refers to the state prosecutorial body in Russia.
• гражданское преследование - Civil prosecution; Applies to non-criminal legal actions, such as lawsuits.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "проsecution" is best translated as "преследование" when referring to the act of pursuing legal charges, and "прокуратура" when denoting the prosecuting authority. Choose "преследование" for dynamic contexts like ongoing investigations, as it emphasizes action. "Прокуратура" is more institutional and aligns with English "prosecution" as a noun for the office. Be mindful of formal register; these terms are rarely used in informal speech. Grammatically, both nouns require correct case agreement with verbs and prepositions for natural flow.

• Always pair with appropriate adjectives, e.g., "уголовное преследование" for specificity.
• In legal writing, "прокуратура" often appears in official documents, reflecting its bureaucratic connotation.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "преследование" with general "persecution" (e.g., non-legal harassment), leading to misuse. For example, an incorrect usage might be: "Его преследование за политические взгляды" mistakenly implying non-legal pursuit, when in legal contexts it should be clear. Correct: Use "преследование" only for formal legal actions; for everyday harassment, opt for "гонение" or "травля". Another error is improper declension, such as saying "в преследовании" incorrectly in the wrong case—ensure it matches the sentence structure for accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, the "прокуратура" holds significant power as an independent branch of government, often overseeing investigations and ensuring state interests, which stems from Soviet-era structures. This can imply a broader cultural emphasis on state-controlled justice, differing from Western systems where prosecution might be more adversarial.

Related Concepts:

• суд (court)
• адвокат (lawyer)
• обвинение (accusation)