Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'press'

English Word: press

Key Russian Translations:

• пресса [ˈprʲesə] - [Formal, often used in media contexts]
• нажимать [nɐˈʐɨmɐtʲ] - [Informal, Verb form for the action of pressing]
• прессовать [prʲɪˈsovətʲ] - [Formal, Verb form, often in industrial or metaphorical contexts]

Frequency: Medium - The word 'press' is commonly encountered in news, journalism, and everyday actions, but its frequency varies by context.

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) for 'пресса'; A2 (Beginner) for basic verb forms like 'нажимать', as they follow regular patterns in Russian grammar.

Pronunciation (Russian):

пресса: [ˈprʲesə]

нажимать: [nɐˈʐɨmɐtʲ]

прессовать: [prʲɪˈsovətʲ]

Note on пресса: The stress is on the first syllable, and the 'р' is rolled, which can be challenging for English speakers. Pronounce it with a soft 'e' sound.

Audio: Insert audio link or player here (e.g., an MP3 file for 'пресса')

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Press as in news media or journalism

Translation(s) & Context:

• пресса - Used in formal contexts like newspapers, media outlets, or discussions about freedom of the press.

Usage Examples:

• В нашей стране свобода прессы гарантирована конституцией.

  In our country, freedom of the press is guaranteed by the constitution.

• Пресса часто освещает политические события с разных точек зрения.

  The press often covers political events from different perspectives.

• Я читаю прессу, чтобы быть в курсе новостей.

  I read the press to stay up-to-date with the news.

• Международная пресса критикует это решение.

  The international press is criticizing this decision.

Meaning 2: Press as in to apply pressure or push

Translation(s) & Context:

• нажимать - Informal verb for pressing buttons, keys, or objects in everyday situations.
• прессовать - Formal verb, often used in manufacturing, sports, or metaphorical senses like "to pressure someone."

Usage Examples:

• Пожалуйста, нажимайте кнопку, чтобы вызвать лифт.

  Please press the button to call the elevator.

• Он прессует фрукты для приготовления сока.

  He is pressing fruits to make juice.

• В спорте важно уметь прессовать противника.

  In sports, it's important to know how to press the opponent.

• Не нажимайте на эту клавишу слишком сильно.

  Don't press that key too hard.

• Правительство прессует оппозицию новыми законами.

  The government is pressuring the opposition with new laws.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'пресса' (feminine noun, first declension):

For 'нажимать' (verb, imperfective):

It is a regular first conjugation verb. Example conjugations: Я нажимаю (I press), Ты нажимаешь (You press), Мы нажимаем (We press). It has an aspect pair: натиснуть (perfective).

For 'прессовать' (verb, imperfective): Also regular, with forms like Я прессую, Ты прессуешь, etc.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • СМИ (SMI) - For 'пресса', meaning media in general.
  • Жать - For 'нажимать', a more general term for pressing.
  • Давить - For 'прессовать', implying strong pressure.
• Antonyms:
  • Освобождать - Opposite of pressing, meaning to release.
  • Игнорировать - In media context, opposite of covering or pressing an issue.

Note: 'СМИ' is a common synonym for 'пресса' but encompasses broader media.

Related Phrases:

• Свободная пресса - Free press; refers to media without censorship.
• Нажать на кнопку - To press a button; common in daily life.
• Пресс-релиз - Press release; a statement issued to the media.
• Под прессом - Under pressure; metaphorical usage.

Usage Notes:

'Пресса' directly corresponds to the English 'press' in journalistic contexts and is used formally. For the verb 'нажимать', it's ideal for physical actions, while 'прессовать' suits more intense or metaphorical pressure. Choose based on context: use 'пресса' for media discussions and 'нажимать' for simple actions. Be mindful of Russian's aspect system; pair imperfective verbs like these with perfective counterparts for complete expressions.

• In formal writing, prefer 'пресса' over slang equivalents.
• Verbs like 'нажимать' require agreement with subject in person and number.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse 'нажимать' with 'прессовать', using 'прессовать' for everyday actions where 'нажимать' is more appropriate. For example:

• Error: *Прессовать кнопку на лифте (Incorrect: Sounds too formal or industrial).
• Correct: Нажимать кнопку на лифте. Explanation: 'Нажимать' is the standard verb for pressing buttons, while 'прессовать' implies squeezing or processing under pressure.
• Another error: Misdeclining 'пресса' in genitive case, saying *пресс instead of прессы. Always follow standard feminine noun declensions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, 'пресса' holds significant cultural weight due to the country's history with state-controlled media during the Soviet era. The concept of a 'free press' is a modern development and often tied to discussions of democracy and information freedom, reflecting ongoing tensions between government control and journalistic independence.

Related Concepts:

• Журналистика (Journalism)
• Медиа (Media)
• Давление (Pressure)
• Кнопка (Button)