Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'preclude'

English Word: preclude

Key Russian Translations:

• Предотвращать [prʲɪdɐtˈvraʂʲatʲ] - [Formal, commonly used in legal or scientific contexts]
• Исключать [ɪsklʲʊˈʧʲatʲ] - [Formal, often implies exclusion or ruling out possibilities]
• Не допускать [nʲe dɐˈpʊskɐtʲ] - [Informal, used in everyday speech to mean 'not allow']

Frequency: Medium (This verb and its translations are encountered in intermediate-level texts, such as news articles or formal discussions, but not in casual conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and contextual usage. For 'Предотвращать', it may lean towards B2; for 'Не допускать', it's more A2 for beginners.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Предотвращать: [prʲɪdɐtˈvraʂʲatʲ]

Исключать: [ɪsklʲʊˈʧʲatʲ]

Не допускать: [nʲe dɐˈpʊskɐtʲ]

Note on Предотвращать: This word has a soft 'т' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers; it's pronounced with a palatalized 't' as in 'tea' but softer. Variations in stress may occur in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: To prevent something from happening or make it impossible.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Предотвращать - Used in formal contexts like law or safety protocols, emphasizing proactive prevention.
• Исключать - Applied when excluding options or possibilities, often in logical or academic settings.
• Не допускать - Common in everyday informal speech, such as personal advice or restrictions.

Usage Examples:

• Этот закон предотвращает любые попытки коррупции в правительстве.

  This law precludes any attempts at corruption in the government.

• Его решение исключило возможность дальнейших переговоров.

  His decision precluded the possibility of further negotiations.

• Мы не допускаем опозданий на встречи в нашей компании.

  We don't preclude tardiness at meetings in our company (i.e., we prevent it strictly).

• Строгие правила предотвращают несчастные случаи на стройке.

  Strict rules preclude accidents at the construction site.

• Эта ошибка исключает нас из конкурса.

  This mistake precludes us from the competition.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations are verbs, which follow standard Russian conjugation patterns. Russian verbs are conjugated based on tense, aspect, person, and number. These verbs are imperfective, meaning they describe ongoing or repeated actions.

Note: These verbs do not have irregular forms but require attention to aspect (e.g., perfective counterparts like 'предотвратить' for completed actions).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Предупреждать (preduprezhdat' – similar but focuses on warning)
  • Запретить (zapretit' – implies prohibition)
  • Мешать (meshivat' – used for obstructing, with a more casual connotation)
• Antonyms:
  • Допускать (dopuskat' – to allow)
  • Содействовать (sodeystvovat' – to facilitate)

Related Phrases:

• Предотвращать катастрофу – To preclude a disaster (Used in emergency or risk management contexts.)
• Исключать варианты – To preclude options (Common in decision-making or problem-solving.)
• Не допускать ошибок – To preclude mistakes (Often in educational or professional settings.)

Usage Notes:

'Предотвращать' is the most direct equivalent to 'preclude' in formal English contexts, such as legal documents, where prevention is key. Choose 'Исключать' when the nuance involves elimination of possibilities, as in logical arguments. 'Не допускать' is ideal for informal scenarios, like daily conversations about rules. Be mindful of aspect in Russian: use imperfective forms for ongoing prevention and perfective (e.g., 'предотвратить') for completed actions. English users should note that Russian verbs require agreement in person and number, which has no direct parallel in English verb forms.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'Предотвращать' interchangeably with 'Исключать' without context. For example, an English learner might say "Я исключаю дождь" (meaning "Rain precludes our plans"), but this is incorrect as 'Исключать' doesn't convey prevention of an event.

  Correct: "Я предотвращаю проблемы" (I preclude problems). Explanation: 'Предотвращать' is better for proactive blocking, while 'Исключать' is for exclusion.

• Error: Forgetting verb conjugation, e.g., saying "Он предотвращать" instead of "Он предотвращает".

  Correct: "Он предотвращает". Explanation: Russian verbs must agree with the subject in person and number, unlike English where 'preclude' remains unchanged.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'Предотвращать' often appear in contexts related to state security or public safety, reflecting historical emphasis on prevention in Soviet-era policies. For instance, in modern Russia, such terms are frequently used in media discussions about national defense, highlighting a cultural value on foresight and control to avoid chaos.

Related Concepts:

• Профилактика (profilaktika – prevention)
• Запрет (zapret – prohibition)
• Риск (risk – risk)