Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'posterior'

English Word: posterior

Key Russian Translations:

• задний [ˈzadnʲij] - [Adjective, Common, Formal]
• ягодицы [jədɐˈlʲit͡sɨ] - [Noun, Informal, Plural, Used in anatomical or everyday contexts]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations are encountered in general conversation, medical texts, and everyday descriptions, but not as frequently as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate level; requires understanding of Russian adjective declensions and noun cases, with some translations varying by context. For 'задний', it's B2; for 'ягодицы', it's B1 due to its straightforward noun form.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

задний: [ˈzadnʲij]

Note on задний: The stress is on the first syllable, and the 'нʲ' represents a palatalized 'n', which can be tricky for English speakers—similar to the 'n' in 'onion'. Pronounce it with a soft, flowing ending.

ягодицы: [jədɐˈlʲit͡sɨ]

Note on ягодицы: This is a plural noun with stress on the third syllable. The 'ы' at the end is a reduced vowel sound, often like a quick 'ih'. Be mindful of the plural form in speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: As an adjective, referring to something at the back or rear (e.g., anatomical or positional).

Translation(s) & Context:

• задний - Used in formal or descriptive contexts, such as anatomy or directions, to indicate something located at the back.

Usage Examples:

• Задняя часть тела человека часто подвержена травмам.

  The posterior part of the human body is often prone to injuries.

• В автомобиле задний сиденье более просторное.

  In the car, the posterior seat is more spacious.

• Задний выход здания используется для эвакуации.

  The posterior exit of the building is used for evacuation.

• Во время операции хирург сосредоточился на задней области.

  During the surgery, the surgeon focused on the posterior area.

• Задний фасад дома обращён к саду.

  The posterior facade of the house faces the garden.

Meaning 2: As a noun, referring to the buttocks or rear end (anatomical slang).

Translation(s) & Context:

• ягодицы - Informal and anatomical term, often used in medical, humorous, or casual conversations; avoid in formal settings unless in a professional context.

Usage Examples:

• При падении он сильно ударился ягодицами.

  When falling, he hit his posterior hard.

• В фитнесе упражнения на ягодицы очень популярны.

  In fitness, exercises for the posterior are very popular.

• Дети часто падают на ягодицы во время игр.

  Children often fall on their posterior while playing.

• Массаж ягодиц помогает снять напряжение.

  Massaging the posterior helps relieve tension.

• Врачи осмотрели ягодицы пациента после травмы.

  Doctors examined the patient's posterior after the injury.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'задний' (an adjective), it follows standard Russian adjective declension patterns, which are regular but depend on gender, number, and case. It is an adjective of the first declension group.

For 'ягодицы' (a feminine plural noun), it is typically used in plural form and follows the standard first declension for plural nouns. It does not have a singular form in common usage and remains unchanged in most cases except for genitive plural.

• Nominative: ягодицы
• Genitive: ягодиц
• Dative: ягодицам
• Accusative: ягодицы
• Instrumental: ягодицами
• Prepositional: ягодицах

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Задний: тыльный (týlʲnyj) - Used for the back side, especially in technical contexts; more precise for objects.
  • Ягодицы: седалище (sjedališče) - A more formal or medical synonym, implying the seat or buttocks area.
• Antonyms:
  • Задний: передний (pjerédnyj) - Meaning front or anterior, contrasting positional descriptions.
  • Ягодицы: Not directly applicable as a body part, but conceptually: грудь (grúdʹ) - Meaning chest, as an opposite front area.

Related Phrases:

• Задний проход - Refers to the rectum or back passage, often in medical contexts.
• Задние колёса - Means rear wheels, used in automotive descriptions.
• Ягодицы вверху - Implies buttocks up, as in a yoga pose, for fitness or anatomical discussions.

Usage Notes:

'Задний' directly corresponds to the English 'posterior' in positional or anatomical senses and is versatile across formal and informal settings, but always declines according to Russian grammar rules. 'Ягодицы' is more slangy and should be used cautiously in polite conversation; it's ideal for everyday or humorous contexts. When choosing between translations, opt for 'задний' in descriptive writing and 'ягодицы' in body-related talks. Grammatically, adjectives like 'задний' must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify, which is a key difference from English.

Common Errors:

• English learners often forget to decline 'задний' properly, e.g., saying "задний дом" in genitive context instead of "заднего дома". Correct: Use the proper case, like "в заднем доме" (in the posterior house). Error explanation: Russian requires case agreement, unlike English.
• Confusing 'ягодицы' with singular forms; it's always plural, so avoid saying "ягодица" as a standalone. Correct: Use "ягодицы" in all contexts. Error explanation: This can make the sentence sound unnatural or incorrect in Russian.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'ягодицы' might appear in folklore or humorous anecdotes, reflecting a straightforward attitude toward the body, as seen in traditional tales or modern comedy. However, 'задний' is neutral and lacks strong cultural connotations, though it can evoke historical references in architecture, like the rear of Orthodox churches symbolizing humility.

Related Concepts:

• Передний
• Тыльный
• Седалище