Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'polymer'

English Word: polymer

Key Russian Translations:

• полимер /pɐˈlʲimʲɪr/ - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific and technical literature, less so in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with scientific terminology and basic Russian noun declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

полимер: /pɐˈlʲimʲɪr/

Note on полимер: The stress falls on the second syllable ("li"), which is common in Russian words of foreign origin. Pronounce the "л" softly as a palatalized "l" sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

A large molecule consisting of many repeated subunits, typically used in chemistry and materials science.

Translation(s) & Context:

• полимер - Used in formal scientific contexts, such as chemistry textbooks or research papers, to refer to synthetic or natural compounds like plastics.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: В современной химии полимер играет ключевую роль в производстве пластиков.

  English: In modern chemistry, polymer plays a key role in the production of plastics.

• Русский: Полимер может быть натуральным, как целлюлоза, или синтетическим, как полиэтилен.

  English: Polymer can be natural, like cellulose, or synthetic, like polyethylene.

• Русский: Учёные изучают, как полимер реагирует на высокие температуры.

  English: Scientists are studying how polymer reacts to high temperatures.

• Русский: В промышленности полимер используется для создания лёгких и прочных материалов.

  English: In industry, polymer is used to create lightweight and durable materials.

• Русский: Полимер в форме волокон применяется в текстильной отрасли.

  English: Polymer in fiber form is used in the textile industry.

A metaphorical or extended use in non-scientific contexts, though rare.

Translation(s) & Context:

• полимер - Occasionally used figuratively in discussions of complex structures, but this is uncommon and typically formal.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: В этой теории общество представлено как полимер из различных культур.

  English: In this theory, society is represented as a polymer of various cultures.

• Русский: Полимер идей в его книге создаёт единую повествовательную структуру.

  English: The polymer of ideas in his book creates a unified narrative structure.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Полимер" is a masculine noun of the second declension in Russian, which follows regular patterns for most cases. It does not have irregularities but changes based on grammatical case and number.

Note: This noun is invariant in terms of gender and does not change in adjectives or verbs directly, but always agrees with modifiers in case, number, and gender.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • макромолекула (macromolecule) - Often used interchangeably in advanced scientific contexts, but slightly more specific to large molecules.
  • высокомолекулярное соединение (high-molecular compound) - A more descriptive term for complex polymers in technical discussions.
• Antonyms:
  • мономер (monomer) - The basic building block, contrasting with the aggregated structure of a polymer.

Related Phrases:

• синтетический полимер - Synthetic polymer; refers to man-made materials like plastics in industrial contexts.
• натуральный полимер - Natural polymer; used for organic substances like rubber or cellulose in biology and chemistry.
• полимерный материал - Polymeric material; common in engineering to describe durable, flexible substances.

Usage Notes:

"Полимер" directly corresponds to the English "polymer" in scientific fields, maintaining a neutral and formal tone. It is primarily used in written contexts like academic papers or technical manuals, rather than casual speech. When choosing between translations, stick with "полимер" for precision in chemistry. Be mindful of declensions; for example, use the genitive form "полимера" after prepositions like "из" (made of). In metaphorical uses, ensure the context is clear to avoid confusion with literal scientific meanings.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using the wrong case, e.g., saying "из полимер" instead of "из полимера".

  Correct: "Из полимера делают пластик" (They make plastic from polymer). Explanation: Russian requires the genitive case after "из", so learners must adjust for case endings.

• Error: Confusing with "мономер", leading to incorrect substitution in sentences.

  Correct: Use "полимер" for the final product, not "мономер". For example, avoid "Мономер используется в производстве" when meaning "Polymer is used in production". Explanation: These are related but distinct concepts, and mixing them can alter the sentence's meaning.

• Error: Overusing in non-scientific contexts without adaptation.

  Correct: In figurative speech, provide context, e.g., "Общество как полимер" instead of isolated use. Explanation: This term is technical, so in everyday Russian, simpler words might be preferred to ensure clarity.

Cultural Notes:

While "полимер" is a scientific term without strong cultural connotations, it reflects Russia's emphasis on industrial and chemical advancements, especially during the Soviet era when polymer research contributed to synthetic materials for everyday use. This highlights the intersection of science and daily life in Russian culture, where technical innovations often stem from educational and state-driven initiatives.

Related Concepts:

• мономер
• пластик
• химическое соединение
• материаловедение