Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'poll'

English Word: poll

Key Russian Translations:

• Опрос [ɐˈpros] - [Formal, used for surveys or opinion polls]
• Голосование [ɡələsəˈvanʲɪje] - [Formal, used for voting processes like elections]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in news, politics, and market research contexts)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, as it involves basic noun inflections and contextual usage; for 'Голосование', it may reach B2 due to more complex forms)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Опрос: [ɐˈpros]

Note on Опрос: The stress falls on the second syllable; be careful with the soft 'р' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers.

Голосование: [ɡələsəˈvanʲɪje]

Note on Голосование: The ending '-ие' is pronounced with a soft 'й' sound; stress is on the third syllable. Variations may occur in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A survey or process to gather public opinions or votes.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Опрос - Used in formal or professional settings, such as market research or public inquiries.
• Голосование - Applied in electoral or decision-making contexts, like voting in elections.

Usage Examples:

• Мы провели опрос среди жителей города, чтобы узнать их мнение о новом законе.

  We conducted a poll among the city's residents to learn their opinion on the new law.

• Онлайн-опрос показал, что большинство поддерживает изменения в образовании.

  The online poll showed that the majority supports changes in education.

• Голосование на выборах проходит каждые четыре года в нашей стране.

  Voting in elections takes place every four years in our country.

• Во время собрания мы организовали быстрое голосование для принятия решения.

  During the meeting, we organized a quick poll to make a decision.

• Результаты опроса были неожиданными, так как большинство выбрало другой вариант.

  The poll results were unexpected, as the majority chose a different option.

Meaning 2: Less common, referring to trimming or cutting (e.g., of trees or hair, though rare for 'poll').

Translation(s) & Context:

• Обрезка - Informal, used in agricultural or gardening contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Обрезка деревьев необходима для их здоровья и роста.

  Trimming of trees is necessary for their health and growth.

• Садовник провел обрезку кустов в парке.

  The gardener performed a poll (trimming) of the bushes in the park.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'Опрос' (a masculine noun), it follows the standard second declension pattern with regular inflections:

For 'Голосование' (a neuter noun), it is also regular but follows the neuter pattern and does not change in some forms:

For 'Обрезка' (feminine noun), it has standard inflections but is invariant in plural forms in some contexts.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Анкетирование (more formal, for structured questionnaires)
  • Социологический опрос (specific to sociological surveys)
• Antonyms:
  • Бездействие (inaction, opposite of conducting a poll)

Related Phrases:

• Провести опрос - To conduct a poll; used in professional or research settings.
• Результаты голосования - Poll results; common in election contexts.
• Общественное мнение опроса - Public opinion poll; implies broader societal impact.

Usage Notes:

'Опрос' directly corresponds to a simple opinion poll in English, but it's more formal in Russian and often implies a structured process. Use 'Голосование' when the context involves voting, as in democratic processes. Be mindful of grammatical gender: 'Опрос' is masculine, affecting adjective agreements (e.g., "большой опрос" for "big poll"). In informal speech, Russians might prefer synonyms like 'анкета' for quick surveys. Choose between translations based on context—opt for 'Опрос' for non-voting polls and 'Голосование' for elections to ensure precision.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing 'Опрос' with 'Голосование' and using them interchangeably. For example, saying "Я провел голосование для проверки мнения" when it should be "Опрос" for a simple opinion check.

  Correct: "Я провел опрос для проверки мнения" – Explanation: 'Голосование' implies a formal vote, while 'Опрос' is for gathering opinions without binding decisions.

• Error: Incorrect inflection, e.g., using nominative 'Опрос' in genitive contexts like "результаты опрос" instead of "результаты опроса".

  Correct: "Результаты опроса" – Explanation: Always adjust for case to maintain grammatical accuracy in Russian sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, polls like 'опрос' are prevalent during elections or social campaigns, reflecting the country's emphasis on public opinion in governance. However, historical distrust from Soviet-era propaganda might make people skeptical of polls, adding a layer of caution in their usage.

Related Concepts:

• Выборы ( elections )
• Социология ( sociology )
• Анкета ( questionnaire )