Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'perk'

English Word: perk

Key Russian Translations:

• дополнительная льгота [dɐpɐlʲnʲɪˈtʲelʲnəjə lʲˈɡotə] - [Informal, Noun]
• бонус [ˈbonʊs] - [Formal, Noun]
• оживиться [ɐʐɨˈvʲit͡sə] - [Informal, Verb, Used in everyday conversation to describe becoming more lively]

Frequency: Medium (Common in business and casual contexts, but not as frequent as everyday words like "work" or "home")

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires basic understanding of noun cases for "дополнительная льгота" and verb conjugation for "оживиться")

Pronunciation (Russian):

дополнительная льгота: [dɐpɐlʲnʲɪˈtʲelʲnəjə lʲˈɡotə]

бонус: [ˈbonʊs]

оживиться: [ɐʐɨˈvʲit͡sə]

Note on оживиться: This verb has a reflexive ending (-ся), which can be tricky for beginners; stress on the second syllable, and it often softens in rapid speech.

Audio: Listen to pronunciation of "дополнительная льгота" (placeholder for audio player)

Meanings and Usage:

As a noun: An additional benefit or advantage, often in employment or rewards.

Translation(s) & Context:

• дополнительная льгота - Used in informal discussions about job perks, such as free meals or gym access.
• бонус - Applied in formal or business contexts, like financial incentives.

Usage Examples:

• В моей работе есть дополнительные льготы, такие как медицинская страховка.

  In my job, there are perks like health insurance.

• Эта компания предлагает бонусы за переработку.

  This company offers bonuses for overtime work.

• После отпуска я чувствую себя отдохнувшим и оживился для новых задач.

  After vacation, I feel rested and perked up for new tasks.

• Дополнительные льготы помогают сотрудникам оставаться мотивированными.

  Perks help employees stay motivated.

• Он оживился, услышав хорошие новости о повышении.

  He perked up upon hearing good news about his promotion.

As a verb: To become more lively or animated.

Translation(s) & Context:

• оживиться - Common in personal or emotional contexts, such as recovering from fatigue.

Usage Examples:

• После чашки кофе он быстро оживился и продолжил работу.

  After a cup of coffee, he quickly perked up and continued working.

• Дети оживляются, когда видят новые игрушки.

  Children perk up when they see new toys.

• Она оживилась на вечеринке, услышав любимую музыку.

  She perked up at the party upon hearing her favorite music.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "дополнительная льгота" (feminine noun), it follows standard Russian noun declension for feminine nouns ending in -а. It is inflected by case and number:

For "бонус" (masculine noun), it is invariable in most cases, as it's a borrowed word, but can follow general patterns: Nominative: бонус; Genitive: бонуса.

For "оживиться" (reflexive verb), it conjugates irregularly in different aspects and tenses. Present tense: оживляюсь, оживляешься, etc. Past tense: оживился (masc.), оживилась (fem.).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • премия (slightly more formal, often for monetary rewards)
  • вознаграждение (used in official contexts, emphasizing compensation)
  • встрепенуться (for the verb sense, meaning to shake off dullness)
• Antonyms:
  • штраф (penalty, opposite of a bonus)
  • ослабеть (to weaken or become less lively)

Related Phrases:

• Дополнительные льготы на работе - Common phrase meaning "job perks" in English; refers to employee benefits.
• Получить бонус - Means "to get a bonus"; used in professional settings for rewards.
• Оживиться после перерыва - Translates to "to perk up after a break"; describes regaining energy.
• Корпоративные льготы - "Corporate perks"; often includes perks like team events.

Usage Notes:

"Perk" as a noun corresponds closely to "дополнительная льгота" in informal Russian, but "бонус" is preferred in formal or business writing due to its precision. For the verb form, "оживиться" is idiomatic and works well in emotional or daily contexts, but avoid it in strictly professional descriptions. Note that Russian nouns like "льгота" require case agreement, so always match the case with surrounding words. When choosing between translations, use "бонус" for financial perks and "дополнительная льгота" for non-monetary ones.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "льгота" without proper case inflection, e.g., saying "Я хочу льгота" instead of "Я хочу дополнительную льготу".
  Correct: Ensure genitive or accusative forms are used as needed; explanation: Russian requires nouns to agree in case with prepositions or verbs.
• Mistake: Confusing "оживиться" with non-reflexive verbs, e.g., saying "оживи меня" instead of "я оживился".
  Correct: "Оживиться" is reflexive, so it must include the -ся ending; explanation: This is a common error for English speakers who overlook Russian's reflexive verb structures.
• Mistake: Overusing "бонус" in casual speech, where "дополнительная льгота" might sound more natural.
  Correct: Opt for context-appropriate synonyms; explanation: "Бонус" can feel too formal in everyday talk, leading to awkward phrasing.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, perks like "дополнительные льготы" are highly valued in the workplace, reflecting the Soviet-era emphasis on social benefits. However, "бонус" has become more prominent post-1990s with Western influences, symbolizing individual rewards in a market economy. The verb "оживиться" often appears in literature to depict emotional revival, as seen in works by Chekhov, highlighting Russia's cultural focus on introspection and recovery from hardship.

Related Concepts:

• премия
• вознаграждение
• мотивация
• ослабление