Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'patriarchy'

English Word: patriarchy

Key Russian Translations:

• патриархат [pətrʲɪˈarxət] - [Formal, Abstract]
• мужское доминирование [ˈmuʂskəje dəmʲɪnʲɪˈravənʲɪje] - [Formal, Sociological, Often used in academic contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic, social, and feminist discussions but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate - Requires understanding of abstract social concepts and Russian noun declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

патриархат: [pətrʲɪˈarxət]

мужское доминирование: [ˈmuʂskəje dəmʲɪnʲɪˈravənʲɪje]

Note on патриархат: The stress is on the third syllable; the 'р' is rolled, which can be challenging for beginners. Variations in regional accents may soften the 'х' sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: A social system where men hold primary power and dominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and control of property.

Translation(s) & Context:

• патриархат - Used in formal discussions of gender inequality, often in sociological or feminist contexts to describe systemic male dominance.
• мужское доминирование - Applied in broader contexts, such as workplace dynamics or historical analyses, emphasizing power imbalances.

Usage Examples:

• В современном обществе патриархат проявляется в неравенстве заработной платы между мужчинами и женщинами.

  In modern society, patriarchy manifests in wage inequality between men and women.

• Критикуя патриархат, феминистки подчеркивают необходимость равноправия полов.

  Criticizing patriarchy, feminists emphasize the need for gender equality.

• Мужское доминирование в политике остается проблемой во многих странах, включая Россию.

  Male dominance in politics remains a problem in many countries, including Russia.

• В историческом контексте патриархат был усилен религиозными институциями.

  In a historical context, patriarchy was reinforced by religious institutions.

• Преодоление мужского доминирования требует комплексных социальных реформ.

  Overcoming male dominance requires comprehensive social reforms.

Secondary Meaning: The rule or authority of a patriarch, such as in religious or familial structures.

Translation(s) & Context:

• патриархат - Used specifically for religious or familial authority, e.g., in the context of the Orthodox Church.

Usage Examples:

• В Русской православной церкви патриархат играет ключевую роль в духовном руководстве.

  In the Russian Orthodox Church, the patriarchy plays a key role in spiritual leadership.

• Традиционный патриархат в семье подразумевает, что отец принимает основные решения.

  Traditional patriarchy in the family implies that the father makes the main decisions.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"патриархат" is a masculine noun in the third declension. It follows standard Russian noun patterns with regular inflections for cases and numbers. "мужское доминирование" is a noun phrase where "мужское" (neuter adjective agreeing with "доминирование") inflects accordingly.

For "мужское доминирование", it remains relatively stable as a phrase, but adjectives like "мужское" inflect: e.g., Genitive: мужского доминирования.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • мужское превосходство (slight nuance: emphasizes superiority over dominance, often in historical contexts)
  • андроцентризм (used in more academic settings to denote male-centered perspectives)
• Antonyms:
  • матриархат (direct opposite, referring to female-dominated systems)
  • равенство полов (equality of genders, broader conceptual opposite)

Related Phrases:

• патриархальная система - A system characterized by patriarchal structures; used to describe societal frameworks.
• борьба с патриархатом - Struggle against patriarchy; common in feminist movements.
• мужское доминирование в обществе - Male dominance in society; refers to pervasive power imbalances.

Usage Notes:

• While "patriarchy" directly translates to "патриархат", choose "мужское доминирование" for more everyday or descriptive contexts to avoid overly formal language.
• In Russian, these terms are often used in formal or academic writing; be cautious of cultural sensitivity, as discussions of patriarchy can be politically charged.
• Grammatically, ensure proper declension based on sentence structure; for example, use the genitive case after prepositions like "в" (in the patriarchy: в патриархате).
• When multiple translations exist, "патриархат" is preferred for religious or historical topics, while "мужское доминирование" suits sociological analyses.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "патриархат" with "патриарх" (patriarch, as in a religious leader). Incorrect: "Патриарх управляет обществом." (implies a single leader). Correct: "Патриархат определяет социальные нормы." (refers to the system). Explanation: "Патриархат" is a system, not an individual.
• Error: Overusing in informal speech; learners might say "патриархат" in casual conversations, which sounds awkward. Incorrect: Everyday use without context. Correct: Reserve for formal discussions. Explanation: Stick to synonyms like "мужское превосходство" in less formal settings for better fluency.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "патриархат" often evokes historical contexts like the Russian Orthodox Church's influence, where patriarchal structures have shaped family and societal norms. It can carry connotations of traditional values, sometimes clashing with modern feminist movements, reflecting broader tensions in post-Soviet society regarding gender roles.

Related Concepts:

• феминизм
• гендерное равенство
• сексизм