Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'pane'

English Word: pane

Key Russian Translations:

• стекло [ˈstʲeklə] - [Neutral, commonly used for glass in windows or general contexts]
• оконное стекло [ɐˈkonnəje ˈstʲeklə] - [Formal, specifically referring to window glass in technical or architectural discussions]

Frequency: Medium (The word is commonly encountered in everyday language related to home maintenance or descriptions, but not as frequent as basic nouns like "дом" (house).)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate level; learners at this stage can grasp basic noun inflections, but the vocabulary may require familiarity with everyday objects. For "стекло", it's B1; for "оконное стекло", it's B2 due to compound word usage.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

стекло: [ˈstʲeklə]

Note on стекло: The stress is on the first syllable. The "щ" sound is palatalized, which can be challenging for English speakers; it sounds like "sh" in "she" but softer.

оконное стекло: [ɐˈkonnəje ˈstʲeklə]

Note on оконное стекло: This is a compound phrase; stress falls on the second syllable of "оконное". Pronounce it fluidly as one unit in formal speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A flat piece of glass, especially in a window.

Translation(s) & Context:

• стекло - Used in everyday contexts for describing a single pane of glass, such as in homes or vehicles.
• оконное стекло - Applied in more specific contexts like construction, repairs, or formal descriptions of architecture.

Usage Examples:

• Окно в гостиной разбито, и нужно заменить стекло.

  The window in the living room is broken, and the pane needs to be replaced. (This example shows "стекло" in a simple declarative sentence about home maintenance.)

• В старом доме оконное стекло было очень тонким и легко разбивалось.

  In the old house, the window pane was very thin and broke easily. (Here, "оконное стекло" is used in a descriptive context highlighting material properties.)

• Мастер аккуратно вставил новое стекло в раму, чтобы избежать трещин.

  The craftsman carefully inserted the new pane into the frame to avoid cracks. (This demonstrates "стекло" in a procedural or instructional context.)

• Во время ремонта мы заменили все оконные стекла на энергосберегающие.

  During the renovation, we replaced all the window panes with energy-efficient ones. (This uses "оконное стекло" in a plural, modern context related to technology.)

• Дети смотрели на улицу через запотевшее стекло зимой.

  The children looked out at the street through the foggy pane in winter. (This illustrates "стекло" in a sensory or narrative setting.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"стекло" is a neuter noun in Russian, following the standard second declension pattern with regular inflections. It changes based on case and number. "оконное стекло" is a noun phrase where "стекло" inflects, but "оконное" (an adjective) also agrees in case, number, and gender.

For "оконное стекло", the adjective "оконное" changes as follows: Nominative Singular: оконное; Genitive Singular: оконного. It remains regular and agrees with "стекло".

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • окошко (small window pane; more diminutive and informal)
  • витрина (showcase glass, often in commercial contexts; slight nuance for display purposes)
• Antonyms:
  • дверь (door; as an opposite structural element, not a direct antonym)

Related Phrases:

• Разбить стекло - To break the glass; used in contexts of accidents or vandalism. (English explanation: Common in narratives involving damage.)
• Заменить оконное стекло - To replace the window pane; typically in repair scenarios. (English explanation: Useful for practical, everyday language.)
• Чистить стекло от пыли - To clean the glass from dust; implies maintenance routines. (English explanation: Highlights hygiene and home care.)

Usage Notes:

"Стекло" directly corresponds to "pane" in English when referring to glass in windows, but it's a more general term for any glass object. Use "стекло" in neutral or informal settings, while "оконное стекло" is preferred in formal or technical contexts to specify windows. Be mindful of Russian's grammatical agreement: always inflect based on case (e.g., use genitive "стекла" after prepositions like "без" for "without the pane"). When choosing between translations, opt for "стекло" for simplicity in daily conversation and "оконное стекло" for precision in professional discussions.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "стекло" without proper inflection, e.g., saying "без стекло" instead of "без стекла". Correct: "Без стекла окно выглядит неполным." (The window looks incomplete without the pane.) Explanation: Russian requires nouns to change based on case; this mistake often stems from direct word-for-word translation from English.

• Error: Confusing "стекло" with "стул" (chair), due to similar sounds. Correct: Always verify context—use "стекло" for glass items. Example: Incorrect: "Сидеть на стекло" (Sitting on the glass—meant to be chair); Correct: "Сидеть на стуле". Explanation: Phonetic similarities can lead to mix-ups for beginners.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "стекло" in the context of windows often evokes themes of transparency and vulnerability, as seen in literature like Chekhov's works, where broken glass symbolizes fragility of life. During harsh winters, maintaining "оконное стекло" is a practical necessity, reflecting the cultural emphasis on resilience and home preparation against the elements.

Related Concepts:

• окно (window)
• рама (frame)
• витрина (showcase)