Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'mongolism'

English Word: mongolism

Key Russian Translations:

• синдром Дауна [ˈsindrom ˈdaunə] - [Medical term, Formal; Used in professional and clinical contexts]

Frequency: Low (This term and its equivalents are specialized medical vocabulary, rarely used in everyday conversation but common in healthcare discussions.)

Difficulty: C1 (Advanced; Requires knowledge of medical terminology and Russian grammar; Learners at intermediate levels may struggle with context and pronunciation.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

синдром Дауна: [ˈsindrom ˈdaunə]

Note on синдром Дауна: The stress falls on the first syllable of each word. "Синдром" is pronounced with a soft "r" sound, which can be challenging for English speakers. Variations in regional accents may slightly alter vowel sounds.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Outdated term for a genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability and physical features (now known as Down syndrome).

Translation(s) & Context:

• синдром Дауна - Used in medical, educational, and diagnostic contexts to describe the condition; Avoids outdated or stigmatizing language.

Usage Examples:

• У него диагностирован синдром Дауна, и он получает специальную поддержку в школе.

  He has been diagnosed with Down syndrome and receives special support in school.

• Синдром Дауна часто ассоциируется с определенными физическими признаками, такими как миндалинообразные глаза.

  Down syndrome is often associated with certain physical features, such as almond-shaped eyes.

• Врачи обсудили с семьей риски, связанные с синдромом Дауна, во время беременности.

  Doctors discussed the risks associated with Down syndrome with the family during pregnancy.

• Несмотря на синдром Дауна, она достигла значительных успехов в искусстве.

  Despite having Down syndrome, she has achieved significant success in art.

• Синдром Дауна является одной из наиболее распространенных хромосомных аномалий.

  Down syndrome is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Синдром Дауна" is a noun phrase where "синдром" is a masculine noun and "Дауна" is a genitive form of the proper name. Russian nouns inflect for case, number, and gender. "Синдром" follows the standard masculine declension pattern, while "Дауна" remains relatively unchanged as a proper noun derivative.

Note: The phrase is invariant in most contexts but inflects with the noun "синдром" for grammatical agreement.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • трисомия 21-й хромосомы (trisomy of the 21st chromosome) - More technical synonym, used in genetic contexts.
  • даунизм (daunism) - An older, less common term, similar to the English "mongolism," but largely avoided due to stigma.
• Antonyms:
  • None directly applicable, as this is a specific medical condition. However, terms like "норма" (norm) could contrast in health discussions.

Related Phrases:

• Синдром Дауна и образование - (Down syndrome and education; Refers to specialized educational programs for individuals with the condition.)
• Раннее вмешательство при синдроме Дауна - (Early intervention for Down syndrome; Describes therapeutic approaches for young children.)
• Жизнь с синдромом Дауна - (Life with Down syndrome; Used in personal stories or advocacy contexts to discuss daily experiences.)

Usage Notes:

The Russian term "синдром Дауна" directly corresponds to the modern English "Down syndrome," making "mongolism" an inappropriate and outdated equivalent. Use this phrase in formal, medical, or educational settings only, as it carries no pejorative connotations in Russian. Be cautious with word order in sentences, as Russian requires proper case agreement (e.g., genitive for possession). When choosing between translations, prefer "синдром Дауна" over older terms to align with contemporary, respectful language.

• In informal contexts, Russians might use euphemisms or avoid direct naming, similar to English practices.
• Grammar note: Always ensure the noun agrees with adjectives or verbs in gender, number, and case.

Common Errors:

English learners often mistakenly use outdated terms like "даунизм" due to direct translation from old English sources, which can be offensive. Correct usage: Instead of saying "Он имеет даунизм" (incorrect and stigmatizing), say "У него синдром Дауна" to maintain respect and accuracy. Another error is incorrect case usage, e.g., saying "синдром Дауна" in the wrong case in a sentence like "О синдроме Дауна" (should be genitive: "О синдроме Дауна"). Explanation: Russian requires precise declension to avoid grammatical errors, which can change the sentence's meaning or clarity.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, discussions around "синдром Дауна" emphasize inclusion and support, influenced by global advocacy movements. Historically, the term reflects 19th-century medical naming (after John Langdon Down), but modern usage promotes awareness through events like World Down Syndrome Day, fostering a positive view of individuals with the condition in Russian society.

Related Concepts:

• аутизм (autism)
• синдром Аспера (Asperger syndrome)
• генетические расстройства (genetic disorders)