Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'monarchy'

English Word: monarchy

Key Russian Translations:

• монархия [mɐˈnarkʲɪjə] - [Formal]

Frequency: Medium (This term is commonly used in academic, historical, and political discussions but less so in everyday casual conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with political vocabulary and basic Russian grammar, as it involves noun declensions.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

монархия: [mɐˈnarkʲɪjə]

Note on монархия: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ark"), which is a common point of difficulty for English speakers. The "kh" sound is a guttural fricative, similar to the "ch" in Scottish "loch".

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

A system of government by a monarch, where supreme power is vested in a single ruler.

Translation(s) & Context:

• монархия - Used in formal contexts such as history books, political debates, or educational materials to describe a government structure.

Usage Examples:

• В России монархия существовала до революции 1917 года.

  In Russia, the monarchy existed until the 1917 revolution.

• Современная монархия в Европе часто является конституционной.

  The modern monarchy in Europe is often constitutional.

• Монархия подразумевает наследование власти по крови.

  Monarchy implies the inheritance of power by bloodline.

• В монархии король или царь является главой государства.

  In a monarchy, the king or tsar is the head of state.

• Абсолютная монархия отличается от ограниченной верховной властью.

  Absolute monarchy differs from limited monarchy in terms of supreme authority.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

The word "монархия" is a feminine noun in the first declension. It follows standard Russian noun patterns with regular inflections based on case and number. Below is a table showing its declensions in the singular form (it does not change in the plural as it is an uncountable concept in most contexts).

Note: This word is typically used in singular form. If used in plural (e.g., for multiple systems), it becomes "монархии" but this is rare.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • царство (tsarstvo) - Often implies a more historical or imperial connotation, used for kingdoms ruled by tsars.
  • империя (imperiya) - Refers to an empire, which may include monarchical elements but on a larger scale.
• Antonyms:
  • республика (respublika) - A system where power is held by the people or their elected representatives.
  • диктатура (diktatura) - A form of government with absolute rule by one person, but without hereditary succession.

Related Phrases:

• Конституционная монархия (Konstitutsionnaya monarkhiya) - A monarchy with a constitution limiting the monarch's powers; used in contexts discussing modern governments like in the UK.
• Абсолютная монархия (Absolyutnaya monarkhiya) - Absolute monarchy; refers to a system where the monarch has unlimited power, as in historical examples.
• Наследственная монархия (Nasledstvennaya monarkhiya) - Hereditary monarchy; emphasizes the bloodline succession aspect.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "монархия" directly corresponds to the English "monarchy" and is used in formal or academic settings. It is gender-neutral in application but grammatically feminine, so it takes feminine agreement in sentences (e.g., "эта монархия" meaning "this monarchy"). Be cautious with context: in Russian, it often carries historical weight, especially regarding the Russian Empire. When choosing translations, "монархия" is the most precise for general use, but "царство" might be preferred for tsarist-era discussions. Avoid using it in casual conversation, as it sounds overly formal.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "монархия" with "монарх" (monarch, the ruler). Incorrect: "Монарх это монархия." (This implies the ruler is the system itself.)

  Correct: "Монарх возглавляет монархию." (The monarch heads the monarchy.) Explanation: "Монарх" refers to the individual, while "монархия" refers to the system; they are related but distinct.

• Error: Incorrect declension, e.g., using nominative in all cases. Incorrect: "О монархия" instead of "О монархии" (in genitive contexts).

  Correct: Ensure proper case agreement, like "В монархии" for "in the monarchy." Explanation: Russian requires nouns to change based on case, which English speakers often overlook.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "монархия" evokes the history of the Russian Empire and the Romanov dynasty, which ended with the 1917 revolution. It symbolizes tradition and autocracy, often contrasted with the Soviet era's rejection of monarchies. Understanding this helps English speakers grasp the emotional or historical undertones when Russians discuss it, such as in literature like Tolstoy's works.

Related Concepts:

• империя (imperiya)
• царь (tsar')
• республика (respublika)
• демократия (demokratiya)