Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'licence'

English Word: licence

Key Russian Translations:

• Лицензия [lʲɪˈtsɛnzʲɪjə] - [Formal, Singular]
• Разрешение [rɐzˈrʲeʂənʲɪje] - [Formal, Often used in bureaucratic contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal, business, and everyday administrative contexts, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of noun declensions and formal language; for 'лицензия', it's straightforward, but 'разрешение' may vary slightly in nuance).

Pronunciation (Russian):

Лицензия: [lʲɪˈtsɛnzʲɪjə]

Note on Лицензия: The stress is on the third syllable ('tsɛ'). Be mindful of the soft 'л' sound, which is palatalized and common in Russian. Variations may occur in regional accents.

Разрешение: [rɐzˈrʲeʂənʲɪje]

Note on Разрешение: The 'ш' sound is pronounced as [ʂ], a voiceless retroflex fricative. Stress falls on the second syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A formal permission or document granting the right to do something (e.g., a driving licence).

Translation(s) & Context:

• Лицензия - Used in formal, official contexts like business licenses or professional certifications.
• Разрешение - Applied in governmental or administrative settings, such as permits for events.

Usage Examples:

• Я должен получить лицензию для вождения автомобиля.

  I need to get a driving licence for the car.

• Без разрешения от властей нельзя проводить публичные мероприятия.

  Without permission from the authorities, public events cannot be held.

• Эта компания имеет международную лицензию на экспорт товаров.

  This company has an international licence for exporting goods.

• Разрешение на строительство было выдано только после проверки документов.

  The building permit was issued only after checking the documents.

• Мой водительский лицензия истекает в следующем месяце.

  My driving licence expires next month.

Meaning 2: In a broader sense, official authorization or freedom to act (less common in everyday use).

Translation(s) & Context:

• Лицензия - In metaphorical contexts, like granting 'licence' to innovate.

Usage Examples:

• Эта лицензия позволяет компании экспериментировать с новыми технологиями.

  This licence allows the company to experiment with new technologies.

• Без лицензии художник не имеет права публиковать свои работы.

  Without a licence, the artist does not have the right to publish their works.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Лицензия' is a feminine noun (1st declension) and follows standard Russian noun patterns. It inflects based on case, number, and gender. 'Разрешение' is a neuter noun with its own inflections.

Note: These are regular inflections; no irregularities, but pay attention to soft endings in certain cases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Патент [Used for inventions or intellectual property, slightly more specific than лицензия]
  • Дозволение [Informal variant, often in legal contexts]
• Antonyms:
  • Запрет [Direct opposite, meaning prohibition]
  • Ограничение [Implies restriction or limitation]

Related Phrases:

• Водительская лицензия - Driver's licence; commonly used for vehicle operation.
• Медицинская лицензия - Medical licence; refers to professional qualifications in healthcare.
• Лицензия на алкоголь - Licence for alcohol; pertains to sales or consumption regulations.
• Получить разрешение - To obtain permission; a phrase for bureaucratic processes.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'лицензия' directly corresponds to the British English 'licence' as a noun for official permissions, while 'разрешение' is more general and can overlap in contexts like permits. Use 'лицензия' for formal, professional scenarios (e.g., business or driving), and 'разрешение' for governmental approvals. Be aware of declensions to fit sentence structure, as Russian requires case agreement. For American English users, note that 'license' (verb form) might not directly translate; stick to noun forms here.

• Choose 'лицензия' over 'разрешение' when emphasizing legal exclusivity.
• In spoken Russian, these words are often used in formal settings; avoid in casual conversation.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse case endings, such as saying 'Я имею лицензия' instead of 'Я имею лицензию' (Accusative case). Correct: Use the proper declension based on the sentence role. Another error is confusing 'лицензия' with 'разрешение'; for example, incorrectly using 'разрешение' for a professional certificate. Error example: 'Моя разрешение истекло' (wrong); Correct: 'Моя лицензия истекла' if referring to a specific licence.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, obtaining a 'лицензия' or 'разрешение' often involves extensive bureaucracy, reflecting the country's historical emphasis on state control. For instance, driver's licences require rigorous exams, symbolizing the value placed on public safety and regulation in post-Soviet society.

Related Concepts:

• Паспорт
• Визa
• Договор