Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'lawsuit'

English Word: lawsuit

Key Russian Translations:

• иск [ˈisk] - [Formal, Legal context]
• судебное дело [suˈdʲebnəje ˈdʲelə] - [Formal, More descriptive usage]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal and professional contexts, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with legal terminology and Russian noun declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

иск: [ˈisk] (Stressed on the first syllable; the 'и' is pronounced as a short 'i' sound.)

судебное дело: [suˈdʲebnəje ˈdʲelə] (Note on судебное дело: The 'е' in 'судебное' is softened due to the following 'б', and 'дело' has a clear 'е' sound; palatalization is key in Russian pronunciation.)

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Legal proceeding initiated in a court of law to resolve a dispute.

Translation(s) & Context:

• иск - Used in formal legal settings, such as filing a claim in civil court; common in professional or official documents.
• судебное дело - Applied in broader contexts, including ongoing cases or trials; often used when emphasizing the procedural aspect.

Usage Examples:

• Он подал иск против бывшего работодателя за нарушение контракта.

  He filed a lawsuit against his former employer for breach of contract.

• Судебное дело по поводу наследства тянется уже несколько месяцев.

  The lawsuit regarding the inheritance has been ongoing for several months.

• Компания выиграла иск, доказав свою невиновность.

  The company won the lawsuit by proving its innocence.

• Её иск был отклонён судом из-за недостатка доказательств.

  Her lawsuit was dismissed by the court due to a lack of evidence.

• В этом судебном деле участвуют несколько сторон, включая адвокатов.

  This lawsuit involves multiple parties, including lawyers.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

The primary translations, "иск" and "судебное дело", are nouns. "Иск" is a neuter noun of the second declension, which follows regular patterns but has specific inflections based on case and number. "Судебное дело" is a phrase where "судебное" is an adjective agreeing with "дело" (neuter noun, second declension).

For "судебное дело", the adjective "судебное" inflects to agree: e.g., Genitive: судебного дела. It is relatively regular but requires attention to adjective-noun agreement.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: судебный процесс (more formal, emphasizing the trial process), исковое заявление (specific to the initial filing)
• Synonyms: жалоба (complaint, but less formal and broader)
• Antonyms: примирение (reconciliation, as it opposes legal conflict)

Related Phrases:

• Подать иск - To file a lawsuit; used when initiating legal action.
• Выиграть судебное дело - To win a lawsuit; implies a successful outcome in court.
• Отклонить иск - To dismiss a lawsuit; common in judicial decisions.

Usage Notes:

"Иск" directly corresponds to "lawsuit" in legal contexts and is the most precise translation, while "судебное дело" is used for ongoing or broader proceedings. Both are formal and typically appear in written legal documents or spoken professional settings. Choose "иск" for brevity in civil cases, and "судебное дело" when describing the full process. Grammatically, ensure correct declension based on sentence structure, as Russian nouns change form. For English speakers, note that Russian legal terminology often reflects the civil law system, differing from common law traditions.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "дело" alone to mean "lawsuit", which is too vague and can refer to any matter or case. Correct: Specify "судебное дело" for accuracy. Example of error: "Я имею дело" (incorrect for lawsuit); Correct: "Я имею иск".
• Error: Forgetting to decline "иск" in sentences, e.g., saying "в иск" instead of "в иске". Correct: Use the proper prepositional case as in "в иске" (in the lawsuit). This is common for beginners due to English's lack of declensions.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal system, lawsuits like "иск" are often influenced by the country's civil law tradition, derived from Roman law and Soviet-era practices. They emphasize written codes over precedents, and filing a lawsuit can be seen as a last resort in disputes, with a cultural preference for mediation or "примирение" to avoid prolonged court battles.

Related Concepts:

• суд
• адвокат
• апелляция